F. E. Wright, "The Formation of Interference Figures. A Study of the Phenomena Exhibited by Transparent Inactive Crystal Plates in Convergent Polarized Light," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7, 779-817 (1923)
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Rotation of vibration plane of beam of light on refraction at a single surface of glass. n=1.5087; i-r=30°; ϵ=azimuth of vibration plane of incident wave; δ=azimuth of vibration plane of refracted wave.
ϵ
δ observed
δ computed
δ–ϵ
0
0
0
0
10
8.7
8.7
1.3
20
17.55
17.5
2.5
30
26.6
26.6
3.4
40
36.0
36.0
4.0
50
45.8
45.9
4.1
60
56.2
56.3
3.7
70
67.15
67.2
2.8
80
78.45
78.5
1.5
90
90.0
90.0
0
Table 2
In this table i-r is the angle between the incident and the refracted beam; ϵ is the azimuth angle of the plane of vibration of the incident beam; δ, that of the beam after refraction at a single surface; δ′, that after transmission through a plane parallel plate.
i–r
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
ϵ
δ
δ
δ
δ
δ
δ
δ
δ
0°
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
10
9°51.1
9°24.5
8°41.0
7°41.6
6°28.0
5°02.3
3°27.1
1°45.2
20
19 43.2
18 52.9
17 29.7
15 34.5
13 10.1
10 18.9
7 05.8
3 37.0
30
29 37.4
28 28.8
26 33.9
23 51.5
20 21.6
16 06.1
11 10.2
5 43.5
40
39 34.1
38 15.4
36 00.3
32 43.9
28 20.5
22 45.6
15 00.8
8 17.4
50
49 34.1
48 14.3
45 54.3
42 23.7
37 27.3
30 47.5
22 10.7
11 41.6
60
59 37.2
58 26.0
56 18.6
52 59.9
48 04.3
40 53.7
30 38.6
16 44.4
70
69 43.0
68 49.6
67 12.3
64 35.4
60 28.8
53 56.9
43 13.2
25 30.3
80
79 51.8
79 22.3
78 29.5
77 02.2
74 39.7
70 34.5
62 43.6
44 33.7
90
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
δ′
δ′
δ′
δ′
δ′
δ′
δ′
δ′
0°
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
10
9 42.3
8 51.0
7 31.0
5 54.4
4 10.0
2 31.4
1 10.9
0 18.3
20
19 26.6
17 49.0
15 16.1
12 03.4
8 33.2
5 11.9
2 26.3
0 37.7
30
29 14.8
27 10.8
23 24.8
18 43.0
13 25.0
8 13.0
3 51.8
0 59.8
40
39 08.3
36 32.2
32 11.0
26 12.9
19 07.3
11 50.9
5 36.4
1 27.0
50
49 08.1
46 27.7
41 47.9
34 58.1
26 13.0
16 35.5
7 56.4
2 03.5
60
59 14.1
56 49.4
52 24.8
45 28.0
35 35.4
23 24.8
11 27.3
2 59.3
70
69 25.7
67 36.0
64 06.8
58 11.5
48 37.4
34 29.1
17 49.0
4 44.1
80
79 41.8
78 42.5
76 46.2
73 16.6
66 53.5
54 48.3
33 33.7
9 42.4
90
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
Table 3
In this table ϵ is the azimuth angle of the plane of vibration of a beam incident on a glass plate (n=1.51) under an angle, i=51°24′; δ′, the corresponding azimuth angle after transmission through the glass plate; δ′R, the azimuth angle for the twice reflected, emergent beam.
ϵ
δ′
δ′R
δ′–δ′R
0
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
10
8°51.0
1°51.8
6°59.2
20
17 49.0
3 50.5
13 58.5
30
27 10.8
6 04.8
21 06.0
40
36 32.2
8 48.0
27 44.2
50
46 27.7
12 24.1
34 03.6
60
56 49.4
17 43.4
39 06.0
70
67 36.0
26 52.8
40 33.2
80
78 42.5
46 17.8
32 24.7
90
90
90
0
Table 4
1 Observed angular rotations of the plane of vibration for different points in the conoscopic field of the microscope for : I. Lens system (aplanatic condenser and 4 mm objective) alone; II. Lens system+mounted cover glass; III. Lens system +6 unmounted cover glasses; IV. Lens system +12 unmounted cover glasses.
N
E
I
II
III
IV
N
E
I
II
III
IV
0°
0°
0°
0°
0°
0°
30°
10
1·°
2°
7°
12:°
10°
10
.5°
.75
3
4
20
2:
4
13
24
20
1.
1·
5·
7
30
4.
6:
19
30
30
1:
2.
7
9:
40
6.
9:
24·
38·
40
2.
3.
10·
12
50
2:
3·
—
—
20°
10
1
1.
5·
6:
40
10
1:
4
12
17·
20
1:
2·
8·
1·
20
4
6:
20
46·
30
2·
3·
12·
19:
30
6.
10:
27·
56
40
3:
6
16
23·
40
8.
15·
35·
—
50
4:
8:
—
—
In this table dots are used after a number to signify additional quarters of a unit; thus 1.=1.25, 1·=1.50, 1:=1.75.
Table 5
In this table the angles of maximum rotation of the plane of vibration for different slope-difference angles, i-r and for both incident and refracted beams on refraction at a single surface (ϵ and δ respectively) and after transmission through a plane parallel plate (angles ϵ′ and δ′).
i–r
ϵ
δ
ϵ′
δ′
0°
45°00′
45°00′
45°00′
45°00′
5
45 03.3
44 56.7
45 06.6
44 53.4
10
45 13.2
44 46.8
45 26.3
44 33.7
15
45 29.8
44 30.2
45 59.6
44 00.4
20
45 53.4
44 06.6
46 46.9
43 13.1
25
46 24.5
43 35.5
47 48.8
42 11.2
30
47 03.5
42 56.5
49 06.4
40 53.6
35
47 51.2
42 08.8
50 40.6
39 19.4
40
48 48.4
41 11.6
52 32.8
37 27.2
45
49 56.3
40 03.7
54 44.4
35 15.6
Tables (5)
Table 1
Rotation of vibration plane of beam of light on refraction at a single surface of glass. n=1.5087; i-r=30°; ϵ=azimuth of vibration plane of incident wave; δ=azimuth of vibration plane of refracted wave.
ϵ
δ observed
δ computed
δ–ϵ
0
0
0
0
10
8.7
8.7
1.3
20
17.55
17.5
2.5
30
26.6
26.6
3.4
40
36.0
36.0
4.0
50
45.8
45.9
4.1
60
56.2
56.3
3.7
70
67.15
67.2
2.8
80
78.45
78.5
1.5
90
90.0
90.0
0
Table 2
In this table i-r is the angle between the incident and the refracted beam; ϵ is the azimuth angle of the plane of vibration of the incident beam; δ, that of the beam after refraction at a single surface; δ′, that after transmission through a plane parallel plate.
i–r
10°
20°
30°
40°
50°
60°
70°
80°
ϵ
δ
δ
δ
δ
δ
δ
δ
δ
0°
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
10
9°51.1
9°24.5
8°41.0
7°41.6
6°28.0
5°02.3
3°27.1
1°45.2
20
19 43.2
18 52.9
17 29.7
15 34.5
13 10.1
10 18.9
7 05.8
3 37.0
30
29 37.4
28 28.8
26 33.9
23 51.5
20 21.6
16 06.1
11 10.2
5 43.5
40
39 34.1
38 15.4
36 00.3
32 43.9
28 20.5
22 45.6
15 00.8
8 17.4
50
49 34.1
48 14.3
45 54.3
42 23.7
37 27.3
30 47.5
22 10.7
11 41.6
60
59 37.2
58 26.0
56 18.6
52 59.9
48 04.3
40 53.7
30 38.6
16 44.4
70
69 43.0
68 49.6
67 12.3
64 35.4
60 28.8
53 56.9
43 13.2
25 30.3
80
79 51.8
79 22.3
78 29.5
77 02.2
74 39.7
70 34.5
62 43.6
44 33.7
90
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
δ′
δ′
δ′
δ′
δ′
δ′
δ′
δ′
0°
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
10
9 42.3
8 51.0
7 31.0
5 54.4
4 10.0
2 31.4
1 10.9
0 18.3
20
19 26.6
17 49.0
15 16.1
12 03.4
8 33.2
5 11.9
2 26.3
0 37.7
30
29 14.8
27 10.8
23 24.8
18 43.0
13 25.0
8 13.0
3 51.8
0 59.8
40
39 08.3
36 32.2
32 11.0
26 12.9
19 07.3
11 50.9
5 36.4
1 27.0
50
49 08.1
46 27.7
41 47.9
34 58.1
26 13.0
16 35.5
7 56.4
2 03.5
60
59 14.1
56 49.4
52 24.8
45 28.0
35 35.4
23 24.8
11 27.3
2 59.3
70
69 25.7
67 36.0
64 06.8
58 11.5
48 37.4
34 29.1
17 49.0
4 44.1
80
79 41.8
78 42.5
76 46.2
73 16.6
66 53.5
54 48.3
33 33.7
9 42.4
90
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
90 00
Table 3
In this table ϵ is the azimuth angle of the plane of vibration of a beam incident on a glass plate (n=1.51) under an angle, i=51°24′; δ′, the corresponding azimuth angle after transmission through the glass plate; δ′R, the azimuth angle for the twice reflected, emergent beam.
ϵ
δ′
δ′R
δ′–δ′R
0
0°00′
0°00′
0°00′
10
8°51.0
1°51.8
6°59.2
20
17 49.0
3 50.5
13 58.5
30
27 10.8
6 04.8
21 06.0
40
36 32.2
8 48.0
27 44.2
50
46 27.7
12 24.1
34 03.6
60
56 49.4
17 43.4
39 06.0
70
67 36.0
26 52.8
40 33.2
80
78 42.5
46 17.8
32 24.7
90
90
90
0
Table 4
1 Observed angular rotations of the plane of vibration for different points in the conoscopic field of the microscope for : I. Lens system (aplanatic condenser and 4 mm objective) alone; II. Lens system+mounted cover glass; III. Lens system +6 unmounted cover glasses; IV. Lens system +12 unmounted cover glasses.
N
E
I
II
III
IV
N
E
I
II
III
IV
0°
0°
0°
0°
0°
0°
30°
10
1·°
2°
7°
12:°
10°
10
.5°
.75
3
4
20
2:
4
13
24
20
1.
1·
5·
7
30
4.
6:
19
30
30
1:
2.
7
9:
40
6.
9:
24·
38·
40
2.
3.
10·
12
50
2:
3·
—
—
20°
10
1
1.
5·
6:
40
10
1:
4
12
17·
20
1:
2·
8·
1·
20
4
6:
20
46·
30
2·
3·
12·
19:
30
6.
10:
27·
56
40
3:
6
16
23·
40
8.
15·
35·
—
50
4:
8:
—
—
In this table dots are used after a number to signify additional quarters of a unit; thus 1.=1.25, 1·=1.50, 1:=1.75.
Table 5
In this table the angles of maximum rotation of the plane of vibration for different slope-difference angles, i-r and for both incident and refracted beams on refraction at a single surface (ϵ and δ respectively) and after transmission through a plane parallel plate (angles ϵ′ and δ′).