Coarseness of Photographic Grain

Glenn A. Fry

doi:10.1364/JOSA.53.000361

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 53,
Issue 3,
pp. 361-367
(1963)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.53.000361

Coarseness of Photographic Grain

Glenn A. Fry

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Glenn A. Fry, "Coarseness of Photographic Grain," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 361-367 (1963)

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Abstract

It is proposed that the coarseness of any given sample of photographic grain be specified by stating that it is equivalent to checkerboard grain made up of cells of a given size. The two samples being compared must have the same average transmittance.

Attention has been given to the following ways of determining the level of coarseness of checkerboard grain which is equivalent to that of a given sample of photographic grain: (1) Scanning methods. (2) Methods based on grain size and spacing. (3) Estimation based on the blending distance. (4) Autocorrelation. The proposed method of specifying coarseness is related in a simple way to Selwyn’s measure of granularity. The relation of perceived graininess to coarseness and density is also discussed.

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Number of cells per block	Transmittance
Number of cells per block	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9
1	8	13	15	13	12	10	6	3	1
2	1	2	4	8	7	5	5	3	1
3		1	1	2	3	4	3	2	0
4			1	0	1	2	2	1	1
5				1	1	1	1	2	1
6					1	1	2	1	0
7						0	0	0	1
8						0	1	2	0
9						1	0	0	0
10							0	0	1
11							0	1	0
12							1	0	1
13–17								0	0
18								1	1
19–30									0
31									1
Total	9	16	21	24	25	24	21	16	9

Number of cells per block	Theoretical	Average values for 10 rows based on a table of random numbers
Number of cells per block	Theoretical	Black	White
1	12	12.7	10.7
2	7	6.0	6.1
3	3	2.6	3.4
4	1	1.4	1.9
5	1	0.7	0.7
6	1	0.3	0.5
7		0.3	0.2
8		0.0	0.2
9		0.0	0.1
10		0.1	0.0
11			0.1
12			0.1

Rank in length	Segment length Δy	Running total ∑Δy
1	2.5 mm	2.5 mm
2	2.4	4.9
3	2.4	7.3
4	2.3	9.6
5	2.3	11.9
6	2.2	14.1
7	1.6	15.7
8	1.2	16.9
9	1.1	18.0
10	1.0	19.0
11	0.9	19.9
12	0.8	20.7
13	0.8	21.5
14	0.8	22.3
15	0.7	23.0
16	0.5	23.5
17	0.5	24.0
18	0.4	24.4
19	0.4	24.8
20	0.3	25.1
21	0.1	25.2

Number of cells per block	Transmittance
Number of cells per block	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.9
1	8	13	15	13	12	10	6	3	1
2	1	2	4	8	7	5	5	3	1
3		1	1	2	3	4	3	2	0
4			1	0	1	2	2	1	1
5				1	1	1	1	2	1
6					1	1	2	1	0
7						0	0	0	1
8						0	1	2	0
9						1	0	0	0
10							0	0	1
11							0	1	0
12							1	0	1
13–17								0	0
18								1	1
19–30									0
31									1
Total	9	16	21	24	25	24	21	16	9

Number of cells per block	Theoretical	Average values for 10 rows based on a table of random numbers
Number of cells per block	Theoretical	Black	White
1	12	12.7	10.7
2	7	6.0	6.1
3	3	2.6	3.4
4	1	1.4	1.9
5	1	0.7	0.7
6	1	0.3	0.5
7		0.3	0.2
8		0.0	0.2
9		0.0	0.1
10		0.1	0.0
11			0.1
12			0.1

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Figures (11)

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Equations (16)

Journal of the Optical Society of America