Abstract

The general theory of the integrating sphere as used in the measurement of total spectral reflectance is formulated as an integral equation and solved for five special cases. Two methods of measuring reflectance are considered. In the substitution method, sample and standard are placed in turn at the sample aperture and the ratio of the respective photocell readings determined. In the comparison method, both sample and standard are in place at all times at their respective apertures. The beam is switched from sample to standard and the ratio of the respective photocell readings determined. The efficiency and error, and their interdependence are discussed for both methods and for different geometries of the sphere. The design of a comparison type sphere with maximum efficiency and low error is considered.

© 1955 Optical Society of America

An Integrating Sphere for Measuring Diffuse Reflectance in the Near Infrared

John A. Jacquez, Wayne McKeehan, John Huss, James M. Dimitroff, and Hans F. Kuppenheim
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45(10) 781-785 (1955)

Reflectance of Perfect Diffuse and Specular Samples in the Integrating Sphere

Bjarne J. Hisdal
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55(9) 1122-1125 (1965)

Integrating Sphere for the Measurement of Reflectance with the Beckman Model DR Recording Spectrophotometer

John A. Jacquez, Wayne McKeehan, John Huss, James M. Dimitroff, and Hans F. Kuppenheim
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45(11) 971-975 (1955)

Generalized Integrating-Sphere Theory

David G. Goebel
Appl. Opt. 6(1) 125-128 (1967)

Reflectance of Nonperfect Surfaces in the Integrating Sphere

Bjarne J. Hisdal
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55(10) 1255-1260 (1965)