Effect of Illumination in Testing Color Vision with Pseudo-isochromatic Plates*

Ingeborg Schmidt

doi:10.1364/JOSA.42.000951

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 42,
Issue 12,
pp. 951-955
(1952)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.42.000951

Effect of Illumination in Testing Color Vision with Pseudo-isochromatic Plates

Ingeborg Schmidt

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Ingeborg Schmidt, "Effect of Illumination in Testing Color Vision with Pseudo-isochromatic Plates*," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 42, 951-955 (1952)

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Abstract

The intensity and the spectral energy distribution within ranges found in natural daylight have a certain effect on the interpretation of pseudo-isochromatic plates. A variation of illumination between 270 and 1000 lx affects color defectives; the error percentage on plate tests decreasing slightly with higher illuminations. This decrease is chiefly found in deuteranomalous subjects. The color temperature of the illumination affects the number of errors made by both normals and color defectives. As the color temperature is increased, the error percentage increases slightly in normals, distinctly in deuteranomalous and less noticeably in deuteranopes. Protanomalous and protanopic subjects do not show a significant effect. On the average, the same percentages of errors result when either a Macbeth easel daylight lamp or a fluorescent daylight lamp is used for the illumination of the plates, provided the same intensity is present.

It is recommended that only artificial daylight of a standardized color temperature and intensity be used to obtain comparable results in pseudo-isochromatic plate tests.

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Light source	Color temperature	Illumination of plates (in lx)	Average percentage of errors					Plates
				40 normals		11 color def.
Macbeth easel daylight lamp	6000°K	269		8.0		82.0		Ishihara, 8th Ed.
Macbeth easel daylight lamp	6000°K	700		9.8		80.5
				90 normals		17 color def.
	11,000°K	269		13.4		88.6		Ishihara, 8th Ed.
	11,000°K	1,076		13.5		84.9
			9PA^a	6P^a	35DA^a	6D^a	56 Total
15-watt daylight fluorescent lamp		269	72.9	93.1	68.6	91.9	74.4	17-plate AOC
15-watt daylight fluorescent lamp		1,076	71.6	94.1	65.5	92.4	72.4

Color temperature in degrees Kelvin	Average of errors in percentage					Author and plate used
Color temperature in degrees Kelvin	6 Protans		27 Deutans			Author and plate used
2540	69.3		23.6			Farnsworth and Reed, AOC 18-plate test
6500	77.7		56.8			Farnsworth and Reed, AOC 18-plate test
	5PA	5P		7DA	5D	Hardy, Rand, and Rittler, Ishihara, 9th Brit. Ed. 24-plate test
2848	89	91		70	73
6750	94	95		81	98
	191N	7PA	2P	15DA	4D	I. Schmidt: Ishihara 8th Ed., 30-plate test
5750^a	10.3	88.7	91.3	73.0	91.3
5900	10.3	88.7	91.3	73.0	91.3
11,000	14.37	87.4	90.8	81.6	94.2
	152N	9PA	6P	34DA	7D	I. Schmidt: AOC 17-plate test
5 900	3.6	72.2	93,6	64.9	91.8
11,000	5.3	72.5	93.1	72.9	93.9

Number of subjects	Average percentage of errors on AOC tables
Number of subjects	Macbeth easel daylight lamp	Fluorescent daylight lamp
152 Normals	3.6	3.6
9 PA	72.2	72.9
6 P	93.6	93.1
35 DA	64.5	67.3
7 D	91.8	91.4
209 Total	22.3	22.8
	Average percentage of errors on Ishihara tables
101 Normals	10.2	11.0
5 PA	80.0	82.3
2 P	92.5	92.5
21 DA	71.9	72.1
4 D	90.0	90.1
133 Total	26.2	26.4

Light source	Color temperature	Illumination of plates (in lx)	Average percentage of errors					Plates
				40 normals		11 color def.
Macbeth easel daylight lamp	6000°K	269		8.0		82.0		Ishihara, 8th Ed.
Macbeth easel daylight lamp	6000°K	700		9.8		80.5
				90 normals		17 color def.
	11,000°K	269		13.4		88.6		Ishihara, 8th Ed.
	11,000°K	1,076		13.5		84.9
			9PA^a	6P^a	35DA^a	6D^a	56 Total
15-watt daylight fluorescent lamp		269	72.9	93.1	68.6	91.9	74.4	17-plate AOC
15-watt daylight fluorescent lamp		1,076	71.6	94.1	65.5	92.4	72.4

Color temperature in degrees Kelvin	Average of errors in percentage					Author and plate used
Color temperature in degrees Kelvin	6 Protans		27 Deutans			Author and plate used
2540	69.3		23.6			Farnsworth and Reed, AOC 18-plate test
6500	77.7		56.8			Farnsworth and Reed, AOC 18-plate test
	5PA	5P		7DA	5D	Hardy, Rand, and Rittler, Ishihara, 9th Brit. Ed. 24-plate test
2848	89	91		70	73
6750	94	95		81	98
	191N	7PA	2P	15DA	4D	I. Schmidt: Ishihara 8th Ed., 30-plate test
5750^a	10.3	88.7	91.3	73.0	91.3
5900	10.3	88.7	91.3	73.0	91.3
11,000	14.37	87.4	90.8	81.6	94.2
	152N	9PA	6P	34DA	7D	I. Schmidt: AOC 17-plate test
5 900	3.6	72.2	93,6	64.9	91.8
11,000	5.3	72.5	93.1	72.9	93.9

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Journal of the Optical Society of America