The Effect of Chromatic Adaptation on Achromaticity

Harry Helson; Walter C. Michels

doi:10.1364/JOSA.38.001025

Journal of the Optical Society of America
Vol. 38,
Issue 12,
pp. 1025-1032
(1948)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSA.38.001025

The Effect of Chromatic Adaptation on Achromaticity

Harry Helson and Walter C. Michels

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Harry Helson and Walter C. Michels, "The Effect of Chromatic Adaptation on Achromaticity," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 38, 1025-1032 (1948)

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Abstract

The tristimulus values of a small (foveal) spot which appears achromatic to an eye which is adapted to a uniform chromatic background have been found experimentally. Various colors have been used for the background, and a considerable range of luminances has been employed for both the background and the spot. It is found that the chromaticity coordinates of the achromatic spot can be predicted by interpolation between the coordinates of a “white point,” which is independent of the state of adaptation, and those of the background. An empirical interpolation formula, which expresses the effect of adaptation as a function of the tristimulus values of the background and the achromatic spot, is presented.

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Source color	Tristimulus values (arbitrary units)			Chromaticity coordinates

	X	Y	Z	x	y	z
Red	1015	410	0	0.713	0.287	0.000
Green	181	472	78	0.249	0.645	0.106
Blue	192	75	1084	0.142	0.056	0.802

Background					Achromatic spot
luminance (App.f.c.)	chromaticity coordinates			luminance (App.f.c.)	chromaticity coordinates			observers
	x	y	z		x	y	z
0.78	0.243	0.616	0.141	0.99	0.272	0.499	0.229	G
0.75	0.236	0.578	0.186	1.05	0.255	0.479	0.266	H
0.77	0.249	0.645	0.106	1.04	0.227	0.443	0.330	J
0.78	0.243	0.616	0.141	0.35	0.249	0.639	0.112	G
0.75	0.236	0.578	0.186	0.36	0.247	0.471	0.282	H
0.77	0.249	0.645	0.106	0.36	0.211	0.430	0.359	J
0.78	0.243	0.616	0.141	0.12	0.252	0.636	0.112	G
0.75	0.236	0.578	0.186	0.08	0.261	0.638	0.101	H
0.77	0.249	0.645	0.106	0.12	0.252	0.636	0.112	J
0.26	0.243	0.628	0.129	1.17	0.270	0.371	0.359	G
0.27	0.246	0.648	0.106	1.21	0.226	0.283	0.491	H
0.26	0.246	0.649	0.105	1.25	0.230	0.269	0.501	J
0.26	0.243	0.628	0.129	0.47	0.272	0.470	0.258	G
0.27	0.246	0.648	0.106	0.36	0.238	0.428	0.334	H
0.26	0.246	0.649	0.105	0.41	0.217	0.307	0.476	J
0.26	0.243	0.628	0.129	0.12	0.275	0.567	0.158	G
0.27	0.246	0.648	0.106	0.13	0.287	0.611	0.102	H
0.26	0.246	0.649	0.105	0.12	0.252	0.635	0.113	J
0.09	0.244	0.628	0.128	1.17	0.246	0.280	0.474	G
0.10	0.247	0.645	0.108	1.21	0.242	0.260	0.498	H
0.10	0.248	0.647	0.105	1.32	0.254	0.270	0.476	J
0.09	0.244	0.628	0.128	0.60	0.258	0.304	0.438	G
0.10	0.247	0.645	0.108	0.42	0.239	0.276	0.485	H
0.10	0.248	0.647	0.105	0.45	0.242	0.272	0.486	J
0.09	0.244	0.826	0.128	0.25	0.257	0.379	0.364	G
0.10	0.247	0.645	0.108	0.16	0.225	0.306	0.469	H
0.10	0.248	0.647	0.105	0.14	0.239	0.327	0.434	J
0.04	0.250	0.639	0.111	1.30	0.248	0.270	0.482	G
0.04	0.227	0.504	0.269	1.34	0.262	0.270	0.482	H
0.03	0.234	0.594	0.172	1.32	0.276	0.263	0.461	J
0.04	0.250	0.639	0.111	0.46	0.248	0.271	0.481	G
0.04	0.227	0.504	0.269	0.47	0.260	0.274	0.466	H
0.03	0.234	0.594	0.172	0.44	0.250	0.226	0.524	J
0.04	0.250	0.639	0.111	0.15	0.246	0.276	0.477	G
0.04	0.227	0.504	0.269	0.14	0.242	0.237	0.521	H
0.03	0.234	0.594	0.172	0.17	0.246	0.243	0.511	J

Background				Achromatic spot
luminance (app.f.c.)	chromaticity coordinates			luminance (app.f.c.)	chromaticity coordinates
	x	y	z		x	y	z	r	R
8.63	0.587	0.385	0.027	1.62	0.555	0.409	0.036	1.01	0.18
				1.14	0.594	0.374	0.032	0.96	0.09
2.65				1.68	0.548	0.415	0.037	0.92	0.59
				0.66	0.566	0.401	0.033	1.04	0.24
				0.25	0.579	0.390	0.031	1.00	0.10
0.81				1.79	0.425	0.316	0.259	0.45	2.71
				0.75	0.542	0.393	0.064	1.03	0.87
				0.34	0.569	0.397	0.034	1.01	0.41
0.21				1.68	0.328	0.272	0.400	0.19	10.2
				0.64	0.388	0.288	0.324	0.20	3.90
				0.23	0.526	0.371	0.103	0.82	1.11
0.10				1.42	0.308	0.263	0.429	0.10	20.3
				0.63	0.327	0.254	0.419	0.05	9.3
				0.22	0.364	0.248	0.388	0.10	3.30
0.76	0.698	0.291	0.012	1.12	0.545	0.271	0.184	0.64	1.58
				0.41	0.630	0.297	0.073	0.86	0.52
				0.10	0.681	0.293	0.026	0.98	0.13
0.24				2.11	0.426	0.338	0.256	0.41	7.9
				0.57	0.456	0.251	0.293	0.40	2.63
				0.13	0.680	0.312	0.008	0.98	0.52
0.070				1.48	0.332	0.266	0.402	0.14	22.8
				0.71	0.351	0.262	0.387	0.18	11.2
				0.19	0.512	0.295	0.193	0.58	2.63
0.031				1.32	0.298	0.256	0.446	0.06	49.5
				0.58	0.292	0.221	0.487	0.00	25.2
				0.22	0.381	0.277	0.342	0.26	7.6
0.76	0.241	0615	0.143	1.03	0.250	0.473	0.277	0.58	1.71
				0.36	0.234	0.496	0.270	0.62	0.56
				0.10	0.259	0.638	0.103	1.10	0.12
0.26				1.20	0.239	0.300	0.461	0.04	9.8
				0.41	0.254	0.384	0.362	0.32	2.64
				0.12	0.272	0.601	0.127	1.00	0.49
0.097				1.23	0.247	0.269	0.484	−0.04	30.0
				0.49	0.235	0.282	0.473	0.00	11.4
				0.18	0.243	0.342	0.415	0.17	3.41
0.038				1.32	0.262	0.269	0.469	−0.01	76.0
				0.45	0.252	0.256	0.492	−0.06	27.3
				0.16	0.266	0.296	0.438	0.08	8.1
0.062	0.166	0.068	0.766	1.08	0.276	0.233	0.491	0.13	5.2
				0.47	0.242	0.186	0.572	0.34	2.83
				0.22	0.218	0.146	0.636	0.56	1.66
0.014				1.34	0.277	0.265	0.458	0.03	24.6
				0.55	0.262	0.242	0.496	0.10	11.2
				0.18	0.273	0.215	0.512	0.16	4.03

Source color	Tristimulus values (arbitrary units)			Chromaticity coordinates

	X	Y	Z	x	y	z
Red	1015	410	0	0.713	0.287	0.000
Green	181	472	78	0.249	0.645	0.106
Blue	192	75	1084	0.142	0.056	0.802

Background					Achromatic spot
luminance (App.f.c.)	chromaticity coordinates			luminance (App.f.c.)	chromaticity coordinates			observers
	x	y	z		x	y	z
0.78	0.243	0.616	0.141	0.99	0.272	0.499	0.229	G
0.75	0.236	0.578	0.186	1.05	0.255	0.479	0.266	H
0.77	0.249	0.645	0.106	1.04	0.227	0.443	0.330	J
0.78	0.243	0.616	0.141	0.35	0.249	0.639	0.112	G
0.75	0.236	0.578	0.186	0.36	0.247	0.471	0.282	H
0.77	0.249	0.645	0.106	0.36	0.211	0.430	0.359	J
0.78	0.243	0.616	0.141	0.12	0.252	0.636	0.112	G
0.75	0.236	0.578	0.186	0.08	0.261	0.638	0.101	H
0.77	0.249	0.645	0.106	0.12	0.252	0.636	0.112	J
0.26	0.243	0.628	0.129	1.17	0.270	0.371	0.359	G
0.27	0.246	0.648	0.106	1.21	0.226	0.283	0.491	H
0.26	0.246	0.649	0.105	1.25	0.230	0.269	0.501	J
0.26	0.243	0.628	0.129	0.47	0.272	0.470	0.258	G
0.27	0.246	0.648	0.106	0.36	0.238	0.428	0.334	H
0.26	0.246	0.649	0.105	0.41	0.217	0.307	0.476	J
0.26	0.243	0.628	0.129	0.12	0.275	0.567	0.158	G
0.27	0.246	0.648	0.106	0.13	0.287	0.611	0.102	H
0.26	0.246	0.649	0.105	0.12	0.252	0.635	0.113	J
0.09	0.244	0.628	0.128	1.17	0.246	0.280	0.474	G
0.10	0.247	0.645	0.108	1.21	0.242	0.260	0.498	H
0.10	0.248	0.647	0.105	1.32	0.254	0.270	0.476	J
0.09	0.244	0.628	0.128	0.60	0.258	0.304	0.438	G
0.10	0.247	0.645	0.108	0.42	0.239	0.276	0.485	H
0.10	0.248	0.647	0.105	0.45	0.242	0.272	0.486	J
0.09	0.244	0.826	0.128	0.25	0.257	0.379	0.364	G
0.10	0.247	0.645	0.108	0.16	0.225	0.306	0.469	H
0.10	0.248	0.647	0.105	0.14	0.239	0.327	0.434	J
0.04	0.250	0.639	0.111	1.30	0.248	0.270	0.482	G
0.04	0.227	0.504	0.269	1.34	0.262	0.270	0.482	H
0.03	0.234	0.594	0.172	1.32	0.276	0.263	0.461	J
0.04	0.250	0.639	0.111	0.46	0.248	0.271	0.481	G
0.04	0.227	0.504	0.269	0.47	0.260	0.274	0.466	H
0.03	0.234	0.594	0.172	0.44	0.250	0.226	0.524	J
0.04	0.250	0.639	0.111	0.15	0.246	0.276	0.477	G
0.04	0.227	0.504	0.269	0.14	0.242	0.237	0.521	H
0.03	0.234	0.594	0.172	0.17	0.246	0.243	0.511	J

Abstract

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Tables (3)

Equations (6)

Journal of the Optical Society of America