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Data concerning the effects of size and location of stimulating fields on the thresholds. (From Wald, 1938.)
Number of measurements
Area (sq. cm)
Average log threshold (millilamberts)
Computed log threshold (millilamberts)
15° above fovea
9
0.301
.82
.81
9
1.258
.24
.28
12
2.832
.14
.14
9
5.216
.06
.05
9
8.696
.97
.97
25° above fovea
6
0.301
.99
.98
8
1.258
.43
.43
10
2.832
.16
.21
7
5.216
.03
.06
7
8.696
.98
.94
In fields fixated 15° to 25° above the fovea, the shape of the dark adaptation curve remains unaltered as the field diameter is increased, indicating that the elementary composition of the fields remains constant.
Table II
Values for dark adaptation and for serum vitamin A and carotenoids before and after administration of thyroid extract and of alpha-dinitrophenol. (From Patek and Haig, 1941.)
Subject
Test no.
Drug (T or D)
Daily dose, grains
Dark adaptation thresholds (log micromicrolamberts)
Cone/rod transition point, minutes
Serum vitamin A, I.U./100 ml
Serum carot. micrograms/100 ml
Basal metabolic rate
Cones
Rods
2 min.
15 min.
40 min.
E.R., 55 years, female.
1
0
7.7
6.9
4.7
15.0
105
56
−2
Rheumatoid arthritis.
13 T
2
6.3
4.0
2.7
4.5
93
42
+ 12
Renal stone removed 7 years ago.
J.C., 64 years, male.
2
0
7.4
7.0
4.9
14.5
122
116
−9
Cirrhosis of liver.
42 T
1
7.0
5.1
4.2
8.1
64
116
+ 12
3
0
7.6
7.0
4.5
14.8
190
149
−11
9 D
1.1
6.8
5.4
3.7
9.0
134
166
+ 9
4
0
7.2
6.7
4.4
13.5
—
—
−11
8 D
1.1
6.9
3.9
2.1
4.2
—
—
−10
J. S., 35 years, male.
5
0
8.1
6.7
5.0
12.8
0
458
−34
Cirrhosis of liver.
121 T
1–3
6.5
4.4
4.2
4.5
9
99
−4
Myxedema.
6
0
7.6
5.6
4.8
9.8
70
200
−24
56 T
1–3
6.8
4.7
4.2
5.5
56
158
−10
T, days of administration of thyroid.
D, days of administration of alpha-dinitrophenol.
Table III
Dark adaptation in total color blindness and in macular degeneration. Values of the logarithms of the threshold levels (micromillilamberts) after various periods of dark adaptation. Retinal stimulus area
degree; light adaptation=4 minutes to 200 millilamberts. (From Sheard and Bair, 1942.)
Dark adaptation in follicular hyperkeratosis. Values of the logarithm of the threshold levels (micromillilamberts) after various periods (minutes) of dark adaptation on days subsequent to treatment. Retinal stimulus area=
degree. Light adaptation=3 minutes to 160 footcandles. (From Steffens, Bair, and Sheard, 1940.)
Time (minutes) dark adaptation
Days
Difference between initial and final values (log unit)
Representative normal data (average 50 different determinations on 3 subjects)
1
3
10
14
18
23
I. Area 10 degrees above macula
1
4.45
4.30
3.95
3.90
3.85
3.91
0.54
4.05
5
3.85
3.75
3.35
3.30
3.35
3.23
0.62
3.35
10
3.32
2.68
2.58
2.65
2.55
2.38
0.94
2.58
15
2.85
2.42
2.32
2.40
2.20
2.12
0.73
2.26
20
2.78
2.40
2.10
2.15
1.82
1.78
1.00
2.08
II. Macula
0.5
4.92
4.75
4.55
4.75
4.31
4.28
0.64
4.15
5
4.15
3.90
3.63
3.68
3.35
3.41
0.74
3.42
10
4.10
3.90
3.60
3.70
3.42
3.35
0.75
3.34
15
3.95
3.88
3.65
3.68
3.43
3.40
0.55
3.25
20
4.05
3.75
3.53
3.68
3.50
3.32
0.73
3.20
Table V
Cone and rod dark adaptation thresholds at various altitudes with air and with oxygen.* (From Sheard, 1942.)
Macula
10° Paramacula (
stimulus area)
Air
Oxygen
Air
Oxygen
Ground
(1000 feet)
3.62
3.61
1.57
1.51
Ground
(1000 feet)
3.62
3.58
1.57
1.50
5000 feet
3.64
3.56
1.66
1.45
Ground
(1000 feet)
3.43
3.16
1.67
1.48
10,000 feet
3.45
3.24
1.92
1.37
Ground
(1000 feet)
3.36
3.24
1.55
1.37
15,000 feet
3.49
3.18
2.00
1.38
The values in the table are the logarithms of the dark adaptation threshold intensities in micromillilamberts.
Table VI
Thresholds of light sensitivity based upon the means of ten subjects in the basal and non-basal state in normal air. (From McFarland and Forbes, 1940.)
Time (minutes)
Basal threshold (Log I)
Non-basal threshold (Log I)
2
6.33
6.28
4
5.93
5.88
6
5.84
5.84
7
5.75
5.62
8
5.50
5.25
9
5.23
4.85
10
4.91
4.52
12
4.37
3.97
14
3.97
3.55
16
3.68
3.25
18
3.47
3.04
20
3.32
2.94
22
3.30
2.87
24
3.20
2.86
26
3.15
2.84
28
3.15
2.84
30
3.15
2.84
Tables (6)
Table I
Data concerning the effects of size and location of stimulating fields on the thresholds. (From Wald, 1938.)
Number of measurements
Area (sq. cm)
Average log threshold (millilamberts)
Computed log threshold (millilamberts)
15° above fovea
9
0.301
.82
.81
9
1.258
.24
.28
12
2.832
.14
.14
9
5.216
.06
.05
9
8.696
.97
.97
25° above fovea
6
0.301
.99
.98
8
1.258
.43
.43
10
2.832
.16
.21
7
5.216
.03
.06
7
8.696
.98
.94
In fields fixated 15° to 25° above the fovea, the shape of the dark adaptation curve remains unaltered as the field diameter is increased, indicating that the elementary composition of the fields remains constant.
Table II
Values for dark adaptation and for serum vitamin A and carotenoids before and after administration of thyroid extract and of alpha-dinitrophenol. (From Patek and Haig, 1941.)
Subject
Test no.
Drug (T or D)
Daily dose, grains
Dark adaptation thresholds (log micromicrolamberts)
Cone/rod transition point, minutes
Serum vitamin A, I.U./100 ml
Serum carot. micrograms/100 ml
Basal metabolic rate
Cones
Rods
2 min.
15 min.
40 min.
E.R., 55 years, female.
1
0
7.7
6.9
4.7
15.0
105
56
−2
Rheumatoid arthritis.
13 T
2
6.3
4.0
2.7
4.5
93
42
+ 12
Renal stone removed 7 years ago.
J.C., 64 years, male.
2
0
7.4
7.0
4.9
14.5
122
116
−9
Cirrhosis of liver.
42 T
1
7.0
5.1
4.2
8.1
64
116
+ 12
3
0
7.6
7.0
4.5
14.8
190
149
−11
9 D
1.1
6.8
5.4
3.7
9.0
134
166
+ 9
4
0
7.2
6.7
4.4
13.5
—
—
−11
8 D
1.1
6.9
3.9
2.1
4.2
—
—
−10
J. S., 35 years, male.
5
0
8.1
6.7
5.0
12.8
0
458
−34
Cirrhosis of liver.
121 T
1–3
6.5
4.4
4.2
4.5
9
99
−4
Myxedema.
6
0
7.6
5.6
4.8
9.8
70
200
−24
56 T
1–3
6.8
4.7
4.2
5.5
56
158
−10
T, days of administration of thyroid.
D, days of administration of alpha-dinitrophenol.
Table III
Dark adaptation in total color blindness and in macular degeneration. Values of the logarithms of the threshold levels (micromillilamberts) after various periods of dark adaptation. Retinal stimulus area
degree; light adaptation=4 minutes to 200 millilamberts. (From Sheard and Bair, 1942.)
Dark adaptation in follicular hyperkeratosis. Values of the logarithm of the threshold levels (micromillilamberts) after various periods (minutes) of dark adaptation on days subsequent to treatment. Retinal stimulus area=
degree. Light adaptation=3 minutes to 160 footcandles. (From Steffens, Bair, and Sheard, 1940.)
Time (minutes) dark adaptation
Days
Difference between initial and final values (log unit)
Representative normal data (average 50 different determinations on 3 subjects)
1
3
10
14
18
23
I. Area 10 degrees above macula
1
4.45
4.30
3.95
3.90
3.85
3.91
0.54
4.05
5
3.85
3.75
3.35
3.30
3.35
3.23
0.62
3.35
10
3.32
2.68
2.58
2.65
2.55
2.38
0.94
2.58
15
2.85
2.42
2.32
2.40
2.20
2.12
0.73
2.26
20
2.78
2.40
2.10
2.15
1.82
1.78
1.00
2.08
II. Macula
0.5
4.92
4.75
4.55
4.75
4.31
4.28
0.64
4.15
5
4.15
3.90
3.63
3.68
3.35
3.41
0.74
3.42
10
4.10
3.90
3.60
3.70
3.42
3.35
0.75
3.34
15
3.95
3.88
3.65
3.68
3.43
3.40
0.55
3.25
20
4.05
3.75
3.53
3.68
3.50
3.32
0.73
3.20
Table V
Cone and rod dark adaptation thresholds at various altitudes with air and with oxygen.* (From Sheard, 1942.)
Macula
10° Paramacula (
stimulus area)
Air
Oxygen
Air
Oxygen
Ground
(1000 feet)
3.62
3.61
1.57
1.51
Ground
(1000 feet)
3.62
3.58
1.57
1.50
5000 feet
3.64
3.56
1.66
1.45
Ground
(1000 feet)
3.43
3.16
1.67
1.48
10,000 feet
3.45
3.24
1.92
1.37
Ground
(1000 feet)
3.36
3.24
1.55
1.37
15,000 feet
3.49
3.18
2.00
1.38
The values in the table are the logarithms of the dark adaptation threshold intensities in micromillilamberts.
Table VI
Thresholds of light sensitivity based upon the means of ten subjects in the basal and non-basal state in normal air. (From McFarland and Forbes, 1940.)