Abstract

The results of measurements of reciprocity law failure at 20°C and at −186°C are given for two different high speed panchromatic emulsions, one low speed unsensitized emulsion, and one high speed orthochromatic emulsion. These measurements, covering the range in exposure time from $\frac{1}{16}$ second to 17 minutes 4 seconds, show that in each case the reciprocity law failure, at both high and low intensity, is normal at 20°C, but has disappeared entirely at −186°C. These results are in complete agreement with those recently published by Berg and Mendelssohn.

© 1939 Optical Society of America

The Effect of Temperature upon Reciprocity Law Failure in Photographic Exposure*

J. H. Webb
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 25(1) 4-23 (1935)

An Experimental Study of Latent-Image Formation by Means of Interrupted and Herschel Exposures at Low TemperatureMeasurements of Reciprocity Law Failure at Low Temperature*

J. H. Webb and C. H. Evans
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 28(7) 249-263 (1938)

The Failure of the Photographic Reciprocity Law at Low Intensity*

J. H. Webb and C. H. Evans
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 28(11) 431-436 (1938)

Low-Temperature Reciprocity Failure of Photographic Emulsions and the Temperature Dependence of Sensitivity*

G. C. Farnell
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 47(9) 843-849 (1957)

A Theoretical Treatment of the Two-Quanta Hypothesis as Applied to the Photographic Reciprocity Law Failure*

Ludwik Silberstein
J. Opt. Soc. Am. 29(10) 432-447 (1939)