Time-Division-Multiplexing–Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing-Based Architecture for ONoC

Huaxi Gu; Zhengyu Wang; Bowen Zhang; Yintang Yang; Kun Wang

doi:10.1364/JOCN.9.000351

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 9,
Issue 5,
pp. 351-363
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.9.000351

Time-Division-Multiplexing–Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing-Based Architecture for ONoC

Huaxi Gu, Zhengyu Wang, Bowen Zhang, Yintang Yang, and Kun Wang

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Huaxi Gu, Zhengyu Wang, Bowen Zhang, Yintang Yang, and Kun Wang, "Time-Division-Multiplexing–Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing-Based Architecture for ONoC," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 9, 351-363 (2017)

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Abstract

Future many-core processors will require high-performance yet energy-efficient on-chip networks to provide a communication substrate for the continually increasing number of cores on one chip. Optical network-on-chip (ONoC) is employed as a promising candidate interconnection solution for its high bandwidth and low energy consumption. However, optical circuit-switching (OCS) based architectures face the problem of high network congestion, low network utilization, and an overhead in power dissipation under heavy loads. In this paper, we propose an ONoC architecture with time-division multiplexing (TDM) and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology to solve the network contention problem faced by OCS-based ONoC. The number of wavelength groups and timeslots is optimized by using a genetic algorithm. A new optical router is designed to realize our TDM–WDM communication technology. A detailed model is built to analyze insertion loss and crosstalk noise. The simulation results show that TDM–WDM-based ONoC has better performance compared with equivalent OCS-mesh ONoC under a uniform traffic pattern. Similar analysis can be drawn for the real science application based on the PARSEC benchmark.

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$α_{wg}$	C-Si	$0.3 dB / cm$ [23]	$α_{bend}$	0.005 dB [24]
	Poly-Si	$6.45 dB / cm$ [23]	$α_{cross}$	0.16 dB [25]
	Si-N	$0.1 dB / cm$ [23]	$β_{cross}$	−40 dB [25]

Unit (dB)	West	North	East	South	Ejection	$Average = 0.76$
West (to)	0	0.89	0.54	0.85	1.03
North (to)	0	0	0	0.5	1.01	$Maximum = 1.07$
East (to)	0.54	0.85	0	0.89	0.71	$Maximum = 1.07$
South (to)	0	0.5	0	0	0.53	$Minimum = 0.5$
Injection (to)	1.07	0.71	0.53	1.05	0	$Minimum = 0.5$

Unit (dB)	West	North	East	South	Ejection
$West \to North$	0	0	45.54	35.25	36.98
$West \to East$	0	36.84	0	35.25	36.98
$West \to South$	40.69	0	45.54	0	0
$West \to Ejection$	41.05	0	45.54	35.25	0
$North \to South$	40.34	0	40.38	0	39.48
$North \to Ejection$	41.03	0	40.7	45.5	0
$East \to West$	0	36.8	0	36.84	36.66
$East \to North$	45.54	0	40.69	0	0
$East \to South$	45.54	36.8	0	0	36.66
$East \to Ejection$	45.54	36.8	0	0	0
$South \to North$	40.38	40.34	0	0	39
$South \to Ejection$	0	45.5	0	0	0
$Injection \to West$	0	36.66	39	37	40.36
$Injection \to North$	0	36.7	0	0	0
$Injection \to East$	0	0	0	0	0
$Injection \to South$	40.89	36.66	39	0	40.36
Average	23.81	21.44	21.02	14.07	19.15
Maximum	45.54	45.5	45.54	45.5	40.36
Minimum	40.34	36.66	39	35.25	36.66

	SN
TS	0	1	2	3	4	…	62	63
0	1 (1)	0 (1)	4 (0)	2 (3)	5 (0)	…	63 (3)	62 (3)
1	2 (0)	4 (1)	0 (1)	1 (3)	6 (1)	…	60 (0)	61 (1)
2	3 (1)	2 (2)	1 (0)	0 (1)	7 (0)	…	61 (2)	null
3	4 (0)	5 (1)	7 (2)	6 (3)	0 (0)	…	null	null
4	5 (3)	6 (2)	60 (1)	8 (3)	3 (2)	…	21 (1)	58 (3)
…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…	…
76	null	null	null	52 (0)	null	…	22 (3)	3 (0)
77	null	null	null	null	null	…	null	null
78	null	null	null	null	null	…	34 (2)	24 (1)

Parameter	Value	Parameter	Value
$E R_{m}$	16 dB [6]	$I L_{\max}$	10.5 dB
$B$	10 Gbps	$S$	−20 dBm [27]

Parameter Name	Value
Path setup length (bit)	32
Ack length (bit)	32
Optical packet length (Byte)	128–256
Slot length (ns)	8–16
Number of wavelengths	128
Transmission bandwidth (Gbps)	10

Electrical Energy Consumption		Optical Energy Consumption
Parameter	Value	Parameter	Value
Modulator driving circuit	$100 fJ / bit$	Modulator static power	30 μW
Receiver circuit	$100 fJ / bit$	Modulator dynamic power	$85 fJ / bit$
Link	$60 fJ / bit / mm$	Switch static power	400 μW
Buffer (32 bit)	$51 fJ / bit$	Switch dynamic power	$375 fJ / bit$
Crossbar	$135 fJ / bit$	Detector dynamic power	$50 fJ / bit$
Switch allocation	$1.8 fJ / bit$	Detector dynamic power	$50 fJ / bit$

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Equations (21)

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking