100 Gbps/λ PON downstream O- and C-band alternatives using direct-detection and linear-impairment equalization [Invited]

Pablo Torres-Ferrera; Haoyi Wang; Valter Ferrero; Roberto Gaudino

doi:10.1364/JOCN.402437

Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
Vol. 13,
Issue 2,
pp. A111-A123
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/JOCN.402437

100 Gbps/λ PON downstream O- and C-band alternatives using direct-detection and linear-impairment equalization [Invited]

Pablo Torres-Ferrera, Haoyi Wang, Valter Ferrero, and Roberto Gaudino

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Pablo Torres-Ferrera, Haoyi Wang, Valter Ferrero, and Roberto Gaudino, "100 Gbps/λ PON downstream O- and C-band alternatives using direct-detection and linear-impairment equalization [Invited]," J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 13, A111-A123 (2021)

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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: July 10, 2020
- Revised Manuscript: September 21, 2020
- Manuscript Accepted: October 4, 2020
- Published: December 15, 2020
Virtual Issues
Journal of Optical Communications and Networking OFC 2020 (2021)

Abstract

The future-generation passive optical network (PON) physical layer, targeting 100 Gbps/wavelength, will have to deal with severe optoelectronics bandwidth and chromatic dispersion limitations. In this paper, largely extending our Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC) 2020 invited paper, we review 100 Gbps/wavelength PON downstream alternatives over standard single-mode fiber in the O- and C-bands, analyzing three modulation formats (PAM-4, partial-response PAM-4, and PAM-8), two types of direct-detection receivers (APD- and SOA $+$ PIN-based), and three digital reception strategies (unequalized, feed-forward equalized, and decision-feedback equalized). We evaluate by means of simulations the performance of these alternatives under different optoelectronics bandwidth and dispersion scenarios, identifying O-band feasible solutions able to reach 20 km of fiber and an optical path loss of at least 29 dB over a wide wavelength range of operation. Finally, we compare two digitally precompensated modulation schemes that are highly tolerant of chromatic dispersion, showing a possible extension to C-band operation, preserving direct-detection and linear-impairment equalization at the optical network unit side.

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		SOA $+$ PIN		APD
Format	RX Type	50G-OE	25G-OE	50G-OE	25G-OE
PAM-4	No EQ	32.5	N/A	29.9	N/A
	FFE	33.1	29.6	31.2	28.7
	DFE	33.1	30.1	31.2	29.4
PR-PAM-4	No EQ	26.6	29.8	25.1	28.7
	FFE	30.8	30.3	29.4	29.8
	DFE	31.1	30.3	29.6	29.7
PAM-8	No EQ	26.6	26.1	24.7	25.2
	FFE	28.8	28.5	27.9	28.0
	DFE	28.7	28.4	27.8	27.9

IM-DD Option					$D \cdot L$ Range ps/nm
Format	O/E	Optical RX	RX Type	$P_{T x}$ , dBm	$D \cdot L$ Range ps/nm
PAM-4	50 G	SOA $+$ PIN	No EQ	11	$-$ 60 to 90
			FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 100 to 120
			No EQ	9^a	$-$ 50 to 80
			FFE or DFE	9^a	$-$ 70 to 100
		APD	No EQ	11	$-$ 40 to 60
			FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 90 to 110
	25G	SOA $+$ PIN	DFE	11	$-$ 40 to 60
		APD	DFE	11	$-$ 30 to 60
PR-PAM-4	50G	SOA $+$ PIN	FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 100 to 140
		APD	FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 80 to 120
	25G	SOA $+$ PIN	No EQ	11	$-$ 50 to 100
			FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 80 to 130
		APD	FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 70 to 130

				Operational Range ( $Δ$ ) to Admit an $O P L \geq 29 d B$ :		O/E Devices Cost [5,6,15,39,40]		DSP Complexity [6,15]
Scheme	RX	O/E Class	RX DSP	$Δ L$	$Δ D \cdot L$ (see Table 2)	ONU	OLT	ONU	OLT
IM-DD (O-band)	APD	25G	wo/EQ	N/A^a	N/A^a	★	★	★	★
		25G	w/EQ	0–20 km^b	$- 70 - 130 p s / n m$ ^b	★	★	★★	★
		50G	wo/EQ	0–20 km^c	$-$ 40–60 ps/nm^c	★★★	★★★	★	★
		50G	w/EQ	0–20 km^c	$-$ 90–110 ps/nm^c	★★★	★★★	★★	★
	SOA $+$ PIN	25G	wo/EQ	0–20 km^b	$-$ 50–100 ps/nm^b	★★	★	★	★
		25G	w/EQ	0–20 km^b	$-$ 80–130 ps/nm^b	★★	★	★★	★
		50G	wo/EQ	0–20 km^c	$-$ 60–90 ps/nm^c	★★★★	★★★	★	★
		50G	w/EQ	0–20 km^c	$-$ 100–120 ps/nm^c	★★★★	★★★	★★	★
CD-DPC-DD (C-band)	SOA $+$ PIN	25G	w/EQ	7–14 km^b	120–240 ps/nm^b	★★	★★★★★	★★	★★★
CD-DPC-DD (C-band)	SOA $+$ PIN	50G	w/EQ	6–14 km^c	100–240 ps/nm^c	★★★★	★★★★★★	★★	★★★
IQ-DB-DD (C-band)	SOA $+$ PIN	50G	w/EQ	0–7.5 km^d	0–130 ps/nm^d	★★★★	★★★★★★	★★	★★
IQ-DB-DD (C-band)	SOA $+$ PIN	50G	w/EQ	0–5 km^e	0–85 ps/nm^e	★★★★	★★★★★★	★★	★★

		SOA $+$ PIN		APD
Format	RX Type	50G-OE	25G-OE	50G-OE	25G-OE
PAM-4	No EQ	32.5	N/A	29.9	N/A
	FFE	33.1	29.6	31.2	28.7
	DFE	33.1	30.1	31.2	29.4
PR-PAM-4	No EQ	26.6	29.8	25.1	28.7
	FFE	30.8	30.3	29.4	29.8
	DFE	31.1	30.3	29.6	29.7
PAM-8	No EQ	26.6	26.1	24.7	25.2
	FFE	28.8	28.5	27.9	28.0
	DFE	28.7	28.4	27.8	27.9

IM-DD Option					$D \cdot L$ Range ps/nm
Format	O/E	Optical RX	RX Type	$P_{T x}$ , dBm	$D \cdot L$ Range ps/nm
PAM-4	50 G	SOA $+$ PIN	No EQ	11	$-$ 60 to 90
			FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 100 to 120
			No EQ	9^a	$-$ 50 to 80
			FFE or DFE	9^a	$-$ 70 to 100
		APD	No EQ	11	$-$ 40 to 60
			FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 90 to 110
	25G	SOA $+$ PIN	DFE	11	$-$ 40 to 60
		APD	DFE	11	$-$ 30 to 60
PR-PAM-4	50G	SOA $+$ PIN	FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 100 to 140
		APD	FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 80 to 120
	25G	SOA $+$ PIN	No EQ	11	$-$ 50 to 100
			FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 80 to 130
		APD	FFE or DFE	11	$-$ 70 to 130

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Journal of Optical Communications and Networking