Abstract

Probabilistic shaping for intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) links is discussed and a peak power constraint determined by the limited modulation extinction ratio (ER) of optical modulators is introduced. The input distribution of 4-ary unipolar pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) symbols is optimized for short-reach transmission links without optical amplification nor in-line dispersion compensation. The resulting distribution is symmetric around its mean allowing to use probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) to generate symbols that are protected by forward error correction (FEC) and that have the optimal input distribution. The numerical analysis is confirmed experimentally for both an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and a fiber channel, showing gains in transmission reach and transmission rate, as well as rate adaptability.

Probabilistically shaped coded modulation for IM/DD system

Zonglong He, Tianwai Bo, and Hoon Kim
Opt. Express 27(9) 12126-12136 (2019)

Polar coded probabilistic shaping PAM8 based on many-to-one mapping for short-reach optical interconnection

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Net-432-Gb/s/λ PS-PAM transmission based on advanced DSP and single DAC for 400 G/λ IM/DD links

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Opt. Lett. 49(7) 1656-1659 (2024)

Bayesian generative adversarial network emulator based end-to-end learning strategy of the probabilistic shaping for OAM mode division multiplexing IM/DD transmission

Qi Xu, Ran Gao, Huan Chang, Zhipei Li, Fei Wang, Yi Cui, Jie Liu, Dong Guo, Xiaolong Pan, Lei Zhu, Qi Zhang, Qinghua Tian, Xin Huang, Jinghao Yan, Lin Jiang, and Xiangjun Xin
Opt. Express 31(24) 40508-40524 (2023)

Experimental demonstration of flexible information rate PON beyond 100 Gb/s with probabilistic and geometric shaping

Noriaki Kaneda, Rui Zhang, Yannick Lefevre, Amitkumar Mahadevan, Doutje van Veen, and Vincent Houtsma
J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 14(1) A23-A30 (2022)