Abstract
We first design and optimize a hollow-core conjoined-tube antiresonant fiber (CT-ARF) for weakly coupled
$\mathrm{LP_{01}}$
and
$\mathrm{LP_{11}}$
modes transmission. The critical core radii for the weak-coupling condition in the CT-ARFs with 4 to 8 tubes are obtained. Using numerical simulation, we demonstrate that by tuning the glass sheets positions in cladding tubes the confinement losses (CLs) of higher-order modes (HOMs)
$\mathrm{LP_{21}}$
,
$\mathrm{LP_{02}}$
, and
$\mathrm{LP_{31}}$
can be maximized through core-cladding mode coupling. Among the CT-ARFs with 4 to 8 tubes, the 6-tube one is proved to have the lowest CLs and bending losses of
$\mathrm{LP}_{01}$
and
$\mathrm{LP}_{11}$
modes and the highest CL ratios between the undesired HOMs and the two guided modes. In the designed 6-tube CT-ARF,
$\mathrm{LP_{01}}$
and
$\mathrm{LP_{11}}$
modes have low CLs in the transmission band of 1.31–1.65
$\mu \text{m}$
. The minimum CLs of
$\mathrm{LP_{01}}$
and
$\mathrm{LP_{11}}$
modes are
$\text{1.7}\times \text{10}^{-4} \text{ dB/m}$
and
$\text{3.1} \times \text{10}^{-3} \text{ dB/m}$
in the C-band (1.53–1.565
$\mu \text{m}$
) respectively. A 10 cm bend has a weak influence on the two guided modes. The CL ratio between the lowest loss HOM and
$\mathrm{LP}_{11}$
mode keeps
$>\!\!150$
in the wavelength range from 1.25–1.65
$\mu \text{m}$
, which ensures the high purity of
$\mathrm{LP_{01}}$
and
$\mathrm{LP}_{11}$
modes. The fabrication tolerances of the fiber are discussed.
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