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Optica Publishing Group
  • Journal of Lightwave Technology
  • Vol. 33,
  • Issue 11,
  • pp. 2233-2239
  • (2015)

Amplitude and Phase Error Correction Algorithm for $3\times 3$ MMI Based Mach–Zehnder Interferometers

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Abstract

Multimode Interference couplers (MMI) can have deviations in their amplitude and phase relations with respect to the ideal case. When using MMIs to construct a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), these deviations lead to non-ideal MZI behavior. In this paper, we introduce a correction algorithm that is able to strongly reduce amplitude and phase errors in $3\times 3$ MMI based MZIs. Such MZIs are frequently used in phase estimation schemes in wavelength meters. Our method reduces the maximum phase estimation error to $2^\circ$ , as measured in fabricated devices. This is two to three times better than the conventional method by Todd et al.

© 2015 IEEE

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