Abstract
A hybrid hinge model is proposed to characterize polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in installed
optical fiber communication systems. The model reduces to previously considered PMD generation mechanisms in special
cases, but can also simulate more general hinge behavior. A combination of importance sampling and the cross entropy
method is used to calculate the probability density function of the differential group delay and the outage
probability for individual wavelength bands, and results are averaged over all wavelength bands to obtain the
non-compliant capacity ratio (NCR). These results suggest that, for practical outage specifications, the NCR of a
system lies between upper and lower bounds provided by the isotropic hinge model and the waveplate hinge model,
respectively.
© 2014 IEEE
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