Abstract
With network expansion, the energy consumption and
CO<sub>2</sub> emissions associated with networks are increasing rapidly. In
this paper we propose an approach for energy minimization in IP
over WDM networks and furthermore propose the use of renewable
energy to further reduce the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions at a given energy
consumption level. We develop a Linear Programming (LP)
model for energy minimization in the network when renewable energy
is used and propose a novel heuristic for improving renewable
energy utilization. Compared with routing in the electronic
layer, routing in the optical layer coupled with renewable energy
nodes significantly reduces the CO<sub>2</sub> emission of the IP over WDM
network considered by 47% to 52%, and the new heuristic introduced
hardly affects the QoS. In order to identify the impact of
the number and the location of nodes that employ renewable energy
on the non-renewable energy consumption of whole network,
we also constructed another LP model. The results show that the
nodes at the center of the network have more impact than other
nodes if they use renewable energy sources. We have also investigated
the additional energy savings that can be gained through
Adaptive Link Rate (ALR) techniques where different load dependent
energy consumption profiles are considered. Our optimized
REO-hop routing algorithm with renewable energy and ALR results
in a maximum energy saving of 85% (average of 65%) compared
to a current network design where all nodes are statically dimensioned
for the maximum traffic in terms of IP ports and optical
layer and hence consume power accordingly. Furthermore, when
all the nodes have access to typical levels of renewable power we
show that the associated reduction in non-renewable energy consumption
reduces the network’sCO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 97% peak, 78%
average.
© 2010 IEEE
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