Abstract

We present a Müller–Stokes analysis of the polarization behavior of birefringent long-period fiber gratings (LPGs). The possible origins of birefringence are outlined and a Müller matrix for a birefringent LPG is derived. Using the derived matrix, we then derive explicit expressions for the polarization-dependent loss (PDL) and the degree of polarization (DOP) of a polarization-sensitive LPG. The birefringence mechanisms and PDL origins in arc-induced tapered LPGs (TLPGs) in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) are experimentally investigated.

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