Abstract
This paper reports on the use of cellulose paper simultaneously as
electrolyte, separation of electrodes, and physical support of a rechargeable battery. The
deposition on both faces of a paper sheet of metal or metal oxides thin
layers with different electrochemical potentials, respectively as anode and
cathode, such as Cu and Al, lead to an output voltage of 0.70 V and a
current density that varies between 150 nA/cm$^{2}$ and 0.5 mA/cm$^{2}$, subject to the paper composition, thickness and the degree of OH$_{\rm x}$ species adsorbed in the paper matrix. The electrical output of
the paper battery is independent of the electrodes thickness but strongly
depends on the atmospheric relative humidity (RH), with a current density
enhancement by more than 3 orders of magnitude when RH changes from 60% to
85%. Besides flexibility, low cost, low material consumption, environmental
friendly, the power output of paper batteries can be adapted to the
desired voltage–current needed, by proper integration. A 3-V
prototype was fabricated to control the ON/OFF state of a paper
transistor.
© 2010 IEEE
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