Glare Measurements from Bright and Satin Chromium Curved Surfaces

James F. Meldrum

doi:10.1364/AO.8.001791

Applied Optics
Vol. 8,
Issue 9,
pp. 1791-1798
(1969)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.8.001791

Glare Measurements from Bright and Satin Chromium Curved Surfaces

James F. Meldrum

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James F. Meldrum, "Glare Measurements from Bright and Satin Chromium Curved Surfaces," Appl. Opt. 8, 1791-1798 (1969)

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Abstract

Three methods are described for measurement of glare from automotive chromium surfaces. The first is a performance measure: a glare illumination technique that measures at the driver's eye location the amount of light reflected to that location. The other two methods measure a surface property rather than performance. One is the standard glossmeter method of measuring gloss on flat surfaces. The other is a substitute gloss image method that measures gloss on both flat and curved surfaces. Results when using the glare illumination technique on flat and curved surfaces, with both bright and satin chromium finishes, indicated that glare decreased as surface curvature was increased. The effect of the satin finish was a reduction in glare from flat surfaces but not from curved surfaces.

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Diameter^a chrome sample (centimeters)	Radius^a chrome sample (centimeters)	Curvature chrome sample (1/R)	Pritchard measurement (cd/m²)	Incident light reflection (percent)
1.270	0.635	1.5748	8.566 × 10⁻³	0.11
1.905	0.9525	1.0499	1.062 × 10⁻²	0.13
2.540	1.270	0.7874	1.542 × 10⁻²	0.19
3.810	1.905	0.5249	2.364 × 10⁻²	0.29
5.080	2.540	0.3937	3.735 × 10⁻²	0.46
7.620	3.810	0.2625	7.949 × 10⁻²	0.98
Flat bright chrome	Infinity	0	5.208	64.48

First surface mirror	Infinity	0	7.229	89.50
First surface mirror plus reflection factor (used as a standard)	Infinity	0	8.077	100.00

Diameter chrome sample (centimeters)	Radius chrome sample (centimeters)	Curvature chrome sample (1/R)	Pritchard measurement (cd/m²)	Incident light reflection (percent)
1.27	0.635	1.5748	8.943 × 10⁻²	1.33
2.54	1.270	0.7874	1.600 × l0⁻¹	2.39
3.81	1.905	0.5249	2.374 × l0⁻¹	3.54
5.08	2.540	0.3937	3.036 × l0⁻¹	4.53
7.62	3.810	0.2625	5.095 × 10⁻¹	7.61
10.16	5.080	0.1969	6.133 × 10⁻¹	9.16
12.70	6.350	0.1575	7.298 × 10⁻¹	10.89
15.24	7.620	0.1312	9.045 × 10⁻¹	13.50
17.78	8.890	0.1125	9.851 × 10⁻¹	14.71
20.32	10.160	0.0984	1.090	16.27
25.40	12.700	0.0787	1.180	17.61
30.48	15.240	0.0656	1.417	21.15
35.56	17.780	0.0562	1.552	23.17
40.64	20.320	0.0492	1.665	24.71
45.72	22.860	0.0437	1.686	25.17
50.80	25.400	0.0394	1.991	29.72
Flat bright chrome	Infinity	0	4.112	61.38

First surface mirror	Infinity	0	5.996	89.50
First surface mirror plus reflection factor (used as a standard)	Infinity	0	6.699	100.00

Diameter chrome sample (centimeters)	Radius chrome sample (centimeters)	Curvature chrome sample (1/R)	Pritchard measurement (cd/m²)	Incident light reflection (percent)
1.270	0.635	1.5748	7.880 × 10⁻³	0.10
1.905	0.9525	1.0499	1.028 × 10⁻²	0.13
2.540	1.270	0.7874	1.302 × 10⁻²	0.16
3.810	1.905	0.5249	2.330 × l0⁻²	0.29
5.080	2.540	0.3937	3.461 × l0⁻²	0.43
7.620	3.810	0.2625	7.024 × l0⁻²	0.87
Flat satin chrome	Infinity	0	9.080 × l0⁻¹	11.24

First surface mirror	Infinity	0	7.229	89.50
First surface mirror plus reflection factor (used as a standard)	Infinity	0	8.077	100.00

Diameter chrome sample (centimeters)	Radius chrome sample (centimeters)	Curvature chrome sample (1/R)	Pritchard measuremen (cd/m²)	Incident light reflection (percent)
1.27	0.635	1.5748	1.747 × 10⁻²	0.26
2.54	1.270	0.7874	2.844 × 10⁻²	0.42
3.81	1.905	0.5249	5.037 × 10⁻²	0.75
5.08	2.540	0.3937	5.996 × 10⁻²	0.90
7.62	3.810	0.2625	1.148 × 10⁻¹	1.71
10.16	5.080	0.1969	1.240 × 10⁻¹	1.85
12.70	6.350	0.1575	1.336 × 10⁻¹	1.99
15.24	7.620	0.1312	1.528 × 10⁻¹	2.28
17.78	8.890	0.1125	1.418 × 10⁻¹	2.12
20.32	10.160	0.0984	1.679 × 10⁻¹	2.51
25.40	12.700	0.0787	2.104 × 10⁻¹	3.14
30.48	15.240	0.0656	2.104 × 10⁻¹	3.14
35.56	17.780	0.0562	1.638 × 10⁻¹	2.45
40.64	20.320	0.0492	1.967 × 10⁻¹	2.94
45.72	22.860	0.0437	2.241 × 10⁻¹	3.35
50.80	25.400	0.0394	2.553 × 10⁻¹	3.81
Flat satin chrome	Infinity	0	6.853 × 10⁻¹	10.23

First surface mirror	Infinity	0	5.996	89.50
First surface mirror plus reflection factor (used as a standard)	Infinity	0	6.699	100.00

	Satin chrome finish			Bright chrome finish

	Measurement methods			Measurement methods
Spherical radius of chrome part (centimeters)	1 % Ilium. reflected	2 Gloss units	3 % Brightness reflected	1 % Ilium. reflected	2 Gloss units	3 % Brightness reflected
Infinity (flat)	11.24	22	10.10	64.68	(Off scale)	66.00
3.810	0.87	(not possible)	8.94	0.98	(not possible)	64.00
2.540	0.43	(not possible)	14.00	0.46	(not possible)	63.00
1.905	0.29	(not possible)	7.69	0.29	(not possible)	64.00
1.270	0.16	(not possible)	11.25	0.19	(not possible)	61.00
0.9525	0.13	(not possible)	5.77	0.13	(not possible)	64.00
0.635	0.10	(not possible)	5.96	0.11	(not possible)	60.00

Spherical radius (centimeters)	Curvature (1/Radius in (centimeters)	Incident light reflection of sun (lm/m²)	Percent of incident light reflected in relation to a flat surface
Infinity (flat)	0	1.489 × 10⁴	100.00%
3.810	0.2625	183.87	1.23
2.540	0.3937	87.71	0.59
1.905	0.5249	51.54	0.35
1.270	0.7874	23.83	0.16
0.9525	1.0499	13.68	0.092
0.635	1.5748	6.20	0.042

Abstract

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Tables (6)

Equations (3)

Applied Optics