An account is given of the history of the development of high temperature flames for the atomic absorption measurement of metals forming refractory oxides. The principles governing the design of premix burners for such flames, and the relative merits of different types of nebulizer burner systems are described. After a brief account of the structure and emission characteristics of the premixed oxygen–acetylene and nitrous oxide–acetylene flames, the scope and limitations of the latter flame in chemical analysis are discussed.
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Reference 30 contains figures from the older literature.
The flame was sheathed and the burner top was made of silver and insulated to minimize heat losses.
Temperature measurements made on the vibrational structure of the violet CN band system.
This temperature was read by interpolation from a graph in Ref. 53. It was probably calculated.93
Combustion does not go to completion.
Table II
Sensitivities and Limits of Detection for Metals Determined in the Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame
Thorium oxide samples,79 indirect determination of fluoride89 and ammonia,90 aluminum alloys102
Concentration giving 1% absorption when sprayed as an aqueous solution into a 5-cm premixed flame. Data from Ref. 12.
Concentration which when sprayed as an aqueous solution into a 5-cm premixed flame in a Perkin-Elmer 303 instrument gives an absorption equal to twice the noise level of the background. Data from Refs. 63 and 65.
Slightly fuel rich flame.
Ionization suppressed with 1000-μg/ml potassium.
Absorbance–concentration curve flattens markedly at high concentrations.
Fuel rich flame.
Heated spray chamber used.
Measured in the presence of 2% hydrofluoric acid.
High brightness, hollow cathode lamp used.
Absorbance markedly dependent on spectral slit width.
Table III
Calculated and Measured Degrees of Ionization of Metals in the Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Fllame
Reference 30 contains figures from the older literature.
The flame was sheathed and the burner top was made of silver and insulated to minimize heat losses.
Temperature measurements made on the vibrational structure of the violet CN band system.
This temperature was read by interpolation from a graph in Ref. 53. It was probably calculated.93
Combustion does not go to completion.
Table II
Sensitivities and Limits of Detection for Metals Determined in the Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame
Thorium oxide samples,79 indirect determination of fluoride89 and ammonia,90 aluminum alloys102
Concentration giving 1% absorption when sprayed as an aqueous solution into a 5-cm premixed flame. Data from Ref. 12.
Concentration which when sprayed as an aqueous solution into a 5-cm premixed flame in a Perkin-Elmer 303 instrument gives an absorption equal to twice the noise level of the background. Data from Refs. 63 and 65.
Slightly fuel rich flame.
Ionization suppressed with 1000-μg/ml potassium.
Absorbance–concentration curve flattens markedly at high concentrations.
Fuel rich flame.
Heated spray chamber used.
Measured in the presence of 2% hydrofluoric acid.
High brightness, hollow cathode lamp used.
Absorbance markedly dependent on spectral slit width.
Table III
Calculated and Measured Degrees of Ionization of Metals in the Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Fllame
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