Abstract

We focus on the normalized Stokes parameter ${s_3}$ of the specularly reflected light from a metal grating in a conical mounting in order to accurately and sensitively detect the occurrence of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Experimental and theoretical investigations into the incident angle dependence of ${s_3}$ reveal a rapid change in ${s_3}$ around the resonance angle ${\theta _{{\rm{sp}}}}$ at which SPR occurs. The rapid change in ${s_3}$ has features that are successfully applied to SPR sensing: the zero-crossing point of ${s_3}$ determines ${\theta _{{\rm{sp}}}}$, and ${s_3}$ in the vicinity of ${\theta _{{\rm{sp}}}}$ varies markedly in response to a small change in the refractive index of a sample. An experiment using gas samples demonstrates that SPR sensing that considers the rapid change in ${s_3}$ clearly detects a refractive index change on the order of ${10^{- 5}}$.

© 2021 Optical Society of America

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