Threshold Sensitivity and Noise Ratings of Multiplier
Phototubes

E. H. Eberhardt

doi:10.1364/AO.6.000251

Applied Optics
Vol. 6,
Issue 2,
pp. 251-255
(1967)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.6.000251

Threshold Sensitivity and Noise Ratings of Multiplier Phototubes

E. H. Eberhardt

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E. H. Eberhardt, "Threshold Sensitivity and Noise Ratings of Multiplier Phototubes," Appl. Opt. 6, 251-255 (1967)

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Abstract

This paper deals with the various methods of specifying the noise characteristics of multiplier phototubes. Particular attention is paid to the different sources of noise, including thermionic emission from the photocathode, spurious dark emission, leakage current, background flux, and the random photon fluctuation of the signal flux itself to be detected.

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Tube type	Photocathode type	Effective photocathode diameter (IEPD)(mm)	ENI (lumens)		Equivalent ENI (W)		Wavelength (Å)

			Maximum	Typical	Maximum	Typical
FW118, FW142	S1	2.54	10⁻¹⁰	3 × 10⁻¹¹	10⁻¹²	3 × 10⁻¹³	8000
FW129, FW136	S11	2.54	10⁻¹²	<10⁻¹³	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁵	<10⁻¹⁶	4400
FW130, FW143	S20	2.54	5 × 10⁻¹³	<10⁻¹³	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁵	<10⁻¹⁶	4200

Applied voltage (V)	S1 tubes (FW118, FW142)^a		S11 tubes (FW129, FW136)^a		S20 tubes (FW130, FW143)^a

	Responsivity (amp/lumen)	ENI (lumens)	Responsivity (amp/lumen)	ENI (lumens)	Responsivity (amp/lumen)	ENI (lumens)
1200	1.6	10 × 10⁻¹¹	7	2 × 10⁻¹³	1	10⁻¹³
1400	8	5 × 10⁻¹¹	30	10⁻¹³	9	<10⁻¹³
1600	40	3 × 10⁻¹¹	120	<10⁻¹³	50	<10⁻¹³
1800^b	200	3 × 10⁻¹¹	400	<10⁻¹³	200	<10⁻¹³
2000	800	3 × 10⁻¹¹	1000	<10⁻¹³	700	<10⁻¹³
2200	2000	4 × 10⁻¹¹	2000	10⁻¹³	1600	<10⁻¹³

Tube type	Photocathode type/IEPD (mm)	Temp. (°C)	Rate (pulses/sec)		Dark count^b uncertainty		Equivalent input^b flux uncertainty (W)

			Maximum	Typical	Maximum	Typical	Maximum	Typical
FW118, FW142	S1/2.54	25	6 × 10⁶	3 × 10⁵	±2.5 × 10³	±6 × 10²	3.5 × 10⁻¹³	9 × 10⁻¹⁴
FW118, FW142	S1/2.54	−20	6 × 10²	30	±25	±6	3.5 × 10⁻¹⁵	9 × 10⁻¹⁶
FW118, FW142	S1/2.54	−78	100	1	±10	±1	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁵	1.5 × 10⁻¹⁶
FW129, FW136	S11/2.54	25	100	10	±10	±3	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁶	3.6 × 10⁻¹⁷
FW130, FW143	S20/2.54	25	100	10	±10	±3	9 × 10⁻¹⁷	2.7 × 10⁻¹⁷

Tube type	Photocathode type	Effective photocathode diameter (IEPD)(mm)	ENI (lumens)		Equivalent ENI (W)		Wavelength (Å)

			Maximum	Typical	Maximum	Typical
FW118, FW142	S1	2.54	10⁻¹⁰	3 × 10⁻¹¹	10⁻¹²	3 × 10⁻¹³	8000
FW129, FW136	S11	2.54	10⁻¹²	<10⁻¹³	1.2 × 10⁻¹⁵	<10⁻¹⁶	4400
FW130, FW143	S20	2.54	5 × 10⁻¹³	<10⁻¹³	1.1 × 10⁻¹⁵	<10⁻¹⁶	4200

Applied voltage (V)	S1 tubes (FW118, FW142)^a		S11 tubes (FW129, FW136)^a		S20 tubes (FW130, FW143)^a

	Responsivity (amp/lumen)	ENI (lumens)	Responsivity (amp/lumen)	ENI (lumens)	Responsivity (amp/lumen)	ENI (lumens)
1200	1.6	10 × 10⁻¹¹	7	2 × 10⁻¹³	1	10⁻¹³
1400	8	5 × 10⁻¹¹	30	10⁻¹³	9	<10⁻¹³
1600	40	3 × 10⁻¹¹	120	<10⁻¹³	50	<10⁻¹³
1800^b	200	3 × 10⁻¹¹	400	<10⁻¹³	200	<10⁻¹³
2000	800	3 × 10⁻¹¹	1000	<10⁻¹³	700	<10⁻¹³
2200	2000	4 × 10⁻¹¹	2000	10⁻¹³	1600	<10⁻¹³

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Applied Optics