Ultracompact and ultrabroadband mode division multiplexer based on an Au nanocube array assisted directional coupler

Kolsoom Mehrabi; Abbas Zarifkar

doi:10.1364/AO.383518

Applied Optics
Vol. 59,
Issue 5,
pp. 1286-1292
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.383518

Ultracompact and ultrabroadband mode division multiplexer based on an Au nanocube array assisted directional coupler

Kolsoom Mehrabi and Abbas Zarifkar

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Kolsoom Mehrabi and Abbas Zarifkar, "Ultracompact and ultrabroadband mode division multiplexer based on an Au nanocube array assisted directional coupler," Appl. Opt. 59, 1286-1292 (2020)

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- Integrated Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: November 15, 2019
- Revised Manuscript: December 25, 2019
- Manuscript Accepted: January 2, 2020
- Published: February 4, 2020

Abstract

An ultracompact and ultrabroadband two-mode (de)multiplexer based on an asymmetric directional coupler for mode division multiplexing is proposed. The device structure consists of a pair of silicon waveguides with an array of plasmonic Au nanocubes sandwiched in the coupling region. The coupling region length of the directional coupler is decreased to 1 µm for coupling of the fundamental transverse magnetic (TM) mode to the first order mode by excitation of the surface plasmon polaritons. This is the shortest length reported for multiplexing of the TM modes until now, to the best of our knowledge. The proposed mode (de)multiplexer has a low loss of 0.72 dB and low crosstalk of $ - {28.3}\;{\rm dB}$ at the communication wavelength of 1.55 µm. Also, the 3D finite-difference time-domain simulation results show that a broad bandwidth of 190 nm is realized with crosstalk less than $ - {10}\;{\rm dB}$ and the insertion loss lower than 1.29 dB. Furthermore, impact of the fabrication tolerances on the performance of the proposed (de)multiplexer is studied in detail.

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Parameter	Fabrication Error (nm)	IL (dB)	CT (dB)
W1	38	$< 1.17$	$< - 10$
W2	50	$< 1.68$	$< - 10$
d	90	$< 1.5$	$< - 10$
a	30	$< 2$	$< - 17$
$L_{C}$	60	$< 1.16$	$< - 10$
Si waveguide height	30	$< 2.5$	$< - 11.8$
Au Nanocube height	80	$< 1.27$	$< - 20$

Reference	Structure	Mode Conversion Section Length (µm)	Bandwidth (nm)	IL (dB)	CT (dB)	Minimum Fabrication Tolerance (nm)	Polarization
[8]	Adiabatic coupler	200	75	1	$< - 20$	30	TE
[9]	MMI-based	80	30	-	$< - 37$	20	TE
[14]	Y-branches	60	106	0.56	$< - 9.1$		TE
[16]	Tapered directional coupler	50	100	0.3	$< - 16$	20	TE
[24]	Conventional ADC	4.7	30	0.2	$< - 10$	10	TM
[25]	Asymmetric height directional coupler	1.4	100	1.7	$< - 11.5$	20	TE
[26]	Subwavelength-grating-based ADC	$1.92 + 20$ (taper length)	153	1	$< - 10$	20	TE
[29]	Hybrid plasmonic-based ADC	7.5	100	0.32	$< - 10$	10	TM
This work	Nanocube-assisted ADC	1	190	0.72	$< - 10$	30	TM

Parameter	Fabrication Error (nm)	IL (dB)	CT (dB)
W1	38	$< 1.17$	$< - 10$
W2	50	$< 1.68$	$< - 10$
d	90	$< 1.5$	$< - 10$
a	30	$< 2$	$< - 17$
$L_{C}$	60	$< 1.16$	$< - 10$
Si waveguide height	30	$< 2.5$	$< - 11.8$
Au Nanocube height	80	$< 1.27$	$< - 20$

Reference	Structure	Mode Conversion Section Length (µm)	Bandwidth (nm)	IL (dB)	CT (dB)	Minimum Fabrication Tolerance (nm)	Polarization
[8]	Adiabatic coupler	200	75	1	$< - 20$	30	TE
[9]	MMI-based	80	30	-	$< - 37$	20	TE
[14]	Y-branches	60	106	0.56	$< - 9.1$		TE
[16]	Tapered directional coupler	50	100	0.3	$< - 16$	20	TE
[24]	Conventional ADC	4.7	30	0.2	$< - 10$	10	TM
[25]	Asymmetric height directional coupler	1.4	100	1.7	$< - 11.5$	20	TE
[26]	Subwavelength-grating-based ADC	$1.92 + 20$ (taper length)	153	1	$< - 10$	20	TE
[29]	Hybrid plasmonic-based ADC	7.5	100	0.32	$< - 10$	10	TM
This work	Nanocube-assisted ADC	1	190	0.72	$< - 10$	30	TM

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Applied Optics