Optical model of light propagation in total internal reflection fluorescence sensors

Eric James Mahoney; Bo Xiong; Qiyin Fang; Qiyin Fang

doi:10.1364/AO.404112

Applied Optics
Vol. 59,
Issue 34,
pp. 10651-10660
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.404112

Optical model of light propagation in total internal reflection fluorescence sensors

Eric James Mahoney, Bo Xiong, and Qiyin Fang

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Eric James Mahoney, Bo Xiong, and Qiyin Fang, "Optical model of light propagation in total internal reflection fluorescence sensors," Appl. Opt. 59, 10651-10660 (2020)

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Abstract

We report the development of a three-dimensional optical model to predict the propagation of light through multilayer optical fluorescence sensors employing total internal reflection. The ray-tracing-based model visualizes the propagation of light from a light source through the optical sensor allowing optimization of the optical path, optical properties of the materials, and the coupling strategy. The model demonstrates how light can be guided through different layers of the sensor structure by controlling the incident angle of light and the relationship between the incident angle and the relative sensitivity. Simulation results are compared against experimental data to validate the model in a fluorescence-based dissolved oxygen sensor. Customization of the light source parameters, coupling optics, sensor optical properties, and sensor dimensions could allow developers to refine and optimize sensor prototypes before conducting bench testing.

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Model		Variable	Collimated	Focused	Prism-Assisted
Light source	Source	Power	1 W
		Radius	0.08 mm	2.5 mm	0.08 mm
		Wavelengths	440–450 nm, 444 nm Peak
		Uniformity	Uniform	Gaussian	Uniform
		Polarization	Random
	Traced rays	Max layout rays	30
		Max analysis rays	500,000
		Intersections per ray	4000
		Segments per ray	500
		Min relative ray intensity	$1 \times 10^{- 5}$	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1 \times 10^{- 9}$
		Max source file rays in memory	1,000,000
Sensor	Prism	Base dimensions	–	–	$1 {c m}^{2}$
		Angle	–	–	5° to 85°
		Material RI	–	–	1.416
	Glass	Dimensions	$25.4 \times 76.2 \times 1.1 m m$
		Material	1.5168
	Sensitive film	Dimensions	$25.4 \times 76.2 \times 0.200 m m$
		Matrix RI	1.416
		Dye RI	1.425
		Particle settings	$10^{4} p a r t i c l e s / c m^{3}$ , 10 µm diameter
	Water layer	Dimensions	$25.4 \times 76.2 \times 0.500 m m$
		Material RI	1.333
	PDMS cap	Dimensions	$25.4 \times 76.2 \times 1 m m$
		Material RI	1.416
Detector	Simulated probe	Radius	5 mm
		Angular zones	16 zones
		Radial zones	8 zones
	Sensing layer	Pixels ( $W \times L \times H$ )	$150 \times 1000 \times 50$

System Specifications
Computer	Component	Specification
Lenovo T430s	Operating system	Microsoft Windows 10 Pro
Model: 2356 GPU	Processor	Intel Core i5-3320M CPU @ 2.60 GHz, 2601 MHz, 2 Core(s), 4 logical processor(s)
	Virtual memory	12.4 Gb
	HDD	296 Gb
	Video	Intel HD 4000

Model		Variable	Collimated	Focused	Prism-Assisted
Light source	Source	Power	1 W
		Radius	0.08 mm	2.5 mm	0.08 mm
		Wavelengths	440–450 nm, 444 nm Peak
		Uniformity	Uniform	Gaussian	Uniform
		Polarization	Random
	Traced rays	Max layout rays	30
		Max analysis rays	500,000
		Intersections per ray	4000
		Segments per ray	500
		Min relative ray intensity	$1 \times 10^{- 5}$	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1 \times 10^{- 9}$
		Max source file rays in memory	1,000,000
Sensor	Prism	Base dimensions	–	–	$1 {c m}^{2}$
		Angle	–	–	5° to 85°
		Material RI	–	–	1.416
	Glass	Dimensions	$25.4 \times 76.2 \times 1.1 m m$
		Material	1.5168
	Sensitive film	Dimensions	$25.4 \times 76.2 \times 0.200 m m$
		Matrix RI	1.416
		Dye RI	1.425
		Particle settings	$10^{4} p a r t i c l e s / c m^{3}$ , 10 µm diameter
	Water layer	Dimensions	$25.4 \times 76.2 \times 0.500 m m$
		Material RI	1.333
	PDMS cap	Dimensions	$25.4 \times 76.2 \times 1 m m$
		Material RI	1.416
Detector	Simulated probe	Radius	5 mm
		Angular zones	16 zones
		Radial zones	8 zones
	Sensing layer	Pixels ( $W \times L \times H$ )	$150 \times 1000 \times 50$

System Specifications
Computer	Component	Specification
Lenovo T430s	Operating system	Microsoft Windows 10 Pro
Model: 2356 GPU	Processor	Intel Core i5-3320M CPU @ 2.60 GHz, 2601 MHz, 2 Core(s), 4 logical processor(s)
	Virtual memory	12.4 Gb
	HDD	296 Gb
	Video	Intel HD 4000

Abstract

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Figures (7)

Tables (2)

Equations (1)

Applied Optics