M-QAM signal transmission at the photonically generated K-band over thermal-induced turbulent FSO links with different turbulence distributions

Luis Vallejo; Dong-Nhat Nguyen; Jan Bohata; Beatriz Ortega; Stanislav Zvanovec

doi:10.1364/AO.390103

Applied Optics
Vol. 59,
Issue 16,
pp. 4997-5005
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.390103

M-QAM signal transmission at the photonically generated K-band over thermal-induced turbulent FSO links with different turbulence distributions

Luis Vallejo, Dong-Nhat Nguyen, Jan Bohata, Beatriz Ortega, and Stanislav Zvanovec

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Luis Vallejo, Dong-Nhat Nguyen, Jan Bohata, Beatriz Ortega, and Stanislav Zvanovec, "M-QAM signal transmission at the photonically generated K-band over thermal-induced turbulent FSO links with different turbulence distributions," Appl. Opt. 59, 4997-5005 (2020)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: February 17, 2020
- Revised Manuscript: April 16, 2020
- Manuscript Accepted: April 23, 2020
- Published: May 28, 2020

Abstract

We present a theoretical and experimental study on the impact of different thermal-induced free-space turbulence distributions on the M–quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) signal transmission in radio frequency K-band over hybrid optical links of standard single mode fiber (SSMF) and free-space optics (FSO). Frequency multiplication using an external intensity modulator biased at the null transmission point has been employed to photonically generate radio signals at a frequency of 25 GHz , included for the frequency bands for fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. Moreover, extensive simulations have been performed for ${10\; {\rm Gb/s}}$ with 4-, 16-, and 64-QAM over 5 km of SSMF and 500 m long FSO channels under scenarios with different turbulence levels and distributions. Proof-of-concept experiments have been conducted for 20 MHz with 4- and 64-QAM over 5 km of SSMF and 2 m long FSO channels under turbulence conditions. Both theoretical and experimental systems have been analyzed in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) performance showing feasible transmission over the hybrid links in the received optical power range. Non-uniform turbulence distributions are shown to have a different impact on M-QAM modulation formats, i.e., turbulence distributions with higher strength in the middle of the FSO link reveal a 1.9 dB penalty when using 64-QAM signals compared to a 1.3 dB penalty using 4-QAM signals, whereas higher penalties have been measured when 4-QAM format is transmitted over turbulence distributions with larger magnitude in the second half of the FSO link. The results have been validated by theoretical predictions and lead to practical consequences on future networks’ deployment.

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Parameter		Value
Laser	Wavelength	1550 nm
	Output power	14 dBm
MZM-1	Switching RF voltage	4 V
SG	Carrier frequency	12.5 GHz
PRBS	Bit rate	10 Gb/s
	Order	16
MZM-2	Switching RF voltage	4 V
Modulation formats		14-, 16-, 64-QAM
EDFA	Output power	13 dBm
	Noise figure	3 dB
OBPF	Bandwidth	1.5 nm
	Optical insertion loss	1 dB
SSMF	Length	5 km
	Dispersion	$17 p s \cdot n m / k m$
	Attenuation	$0.2 d B / k m$
FSO	Tx aperture	2.6 cm
	Tx loss	1 dB
	Rx aperture	5 cm
	Rx loss	1 dB
	Beam divergence	0.25 mrad
	Length	500 m
VOA	Insertion loss	0–10 dB
PD	Responsivity	0.45 A/W
	Dark current	5 nA
EA-1	Gain	9.1 dB
EA-2	Gain	30 dB

Scenario		Distance	$C_{n}^{2} (m^{- 2 / 3})$	Averaged $C_{n}^{2} (m^{- 2 / 3})$	Rytov Variance
Uniform	U1	500 m	$10^{- 15}$	$10^{- 15}$	$0.0056$
	U2	500 m	$10^{- 13}$	$10^{- 13}$	$0.5587$
	U3	500 m	$10^{- 12}$	$10^{- 12}$	$5.5869$
Non-uniform	N1	250 m	${2 \cdot 10}^{- 13}$	$10^{- 13}$	$0.5587$
		250 m	$10^{- 15}$
	N2	200 m	$10^{- 15}$	$10^{- 13}$	$0.5587$
		100 m	${5 \cdot 10}^{- 13}$
		200 m	$10^{- 15}$
	N3	250 m	$10^{- 15}$	$10^{- 13}$	$0.5587$
		250 m	${2 \cdot 10}^{- 13}$

Parameter		Value
Laser	Wavelength	1550 nm
	Output power	14 dBm
MZM-1	Switching RF voltage	4 V
SG	Carrier frequency	12.5 GHz
PRBS	Bit rate	10 Gb/s
	Order	16
MZM-2	Switching RF voltage	4 V
Modulation formats		14-, 16-, 64-QAM
EDFA	Output power	13 dBm
	Noise figure	3 dB
OBPF	Bandwidth	1.5 nm
	Optical insertion loss	1 dB
SSMF	Length	5 km
	Dispersion	$17 p s \cdot n m / k m$
	Attenuation	$0.2 d B / k m$
FSO	Tx aperture	2.6 cm
	Tx loss	1 dB
	Rx aperture	5 cm
	Rx loss	1 dB
	Beam divergence	0.25 mrad
	Length	500 m
VOA	Insertion loss	0–10 dB
PD	Responsivity	0.45 A/W
	Dark current	5 nA
EA-1	Gain	9.1 dB
EA-2	Gain	30 dB

Scenario		Distance	$C_{n}^{2} (m^{- 2 / 3})$	Averaged $C_{n}^{2} (m^{- 2 / 3})$	Rytov Variance
Uniform	U1	500 m	$10^{- 15}$	$10^{- 15}$	$0.0056$
	U2	500 m	$10^{- 13}$	$10^{- 13}$	$0.5587$
	U3	500 m	$10^{- 12}$	$10^{- 12}$	$5.5869$
Non-uniform	N1	250 m	${2 \cdot 10}^{- 13}$	$10^{- 13}$	$0.5587$
		250 m	$10^{- 15}$
	N2	200 m	$10^{- 15}$	$10^{- 13}$	$0.5587$
		100 m	${5 \cdot 10}^{- 13}$
		200 m	$10^{- 15}$
	N3	250 m	$10^{- 15}$	$10^{- 13}$	$0.5587$
		250 m	${2 \cdot 10}^{- 13}$

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Applied Optics