Simulating imaging-based tomographic systems using optical design software for resolving 3D structures of translucent media

Madison Rilling; Louis Archambault; Simon Thibault

doi:10.1364/AO.58.005942

Applied Optics
Vol. 58,
Issue 22,
pp. 5942-5951
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.005942

Simulating imaging-based tomographic systems using optical design software for resolving 3D structures of translucent media

Madison Rilling, Louis Archambault, and Simon Thibault

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Madison Rilling, Louis Archambault, and Simon Thibault, "Simulating imaging-based tomographic systems using optical design software for resolving 3D structures of translucent media," Appl. Opt. 58, 5942-5951 (2019)

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Table of Contents Category
- Imaging Systems, Image Processing, and Displays
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 19, 2019
- Revised Manuscript: June 26, 2019
- Manuscript Accepted: July 1, 2019
- Published: July 24, 2019

Abstract

Imaging-based tomography is emerging as the technique of choice for resolving 3D structures of translucent media, in particular for applications in external beam radiation therapy and combustion diagnostics. However, designing experimental prototypes is time-consuming and costly, and is carried out without the certainty of the imaging optics being optimal. In this paper, we present an optical-design-software-based method that enables end-to-end simulation imaging-based tomography systems. The method, developed using the real ray tracing features of Zemax OpticStudio, was validated in the context of 3D scintillation dosimetry, where multiple imaging systems are used to image the 3D light pattern emitted within an irradiated cubic plastic scintillator volume. The flexibility of the workflow enabled the assessment and comparison of the tomographic performance of standard and focused plenoptic cameras for the reconstruction of a clinical radiation dose distribution. The versatility of the proposed method offers the potential to ease the developmental and optimization process of imaging systems used in volumetric emission computed tomography applications.

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Specifications		Standard	Plenoptic $1 f$	Plenoptic $3 f$
Main lens (ML)	$f_{ML}$	35 mm	35 mm	35 mm
Main lens (ML)	$D_{ML}$	14 mm	14 mm	14 mm
Detector	Size	$7 mm \times 7 mm$	$7 mm \times 7 mm$	$7 mm \times 7 mm$
Detector	Pixel size ( $Δ p$ )	$7 μm \times 7 μm$	$7 μm \times 7 μm$	$7 μm \times 7 μm$
Distances	$z_{0}$	350 mm	350 mm	350 mm
	$z_{1}$	38.669 mm	37.585 mm	37.585 mm
	$z_{MLA}$	–	37.223 mm	37.223 mm
Ray-tracing mode		sequential	sequential	hybrid
Microlens array (MLA)	Disposition	–	orthogonal	hexagonal
	Glass/thickness	–	$n - BK 7 / 1 mm$	$n - BK 7 / 1 mm$
	Type	–	plano–convex $1 f$	plano–convex $3 f$
	Radius of curvature	–	−250 μm	−220, −250, −270 μm
	$d_{μ ls}$	–	136 μm	136 μm

Projections Used for Reconstruction	Standard		Plenoptic $1 f$		Plenoptic $3 f$
Projections Used for Reconstruction	$r$	error	$r$	error	$r$	error
1 projection	0.61	0.29	0.62	0.29	0.64	0.28
2 projections	0.95	0.12	0.95	0.12	0.95	0.11
3 projections	0.98	0.072	0.98	0.066	0.98	0.072
3 projections (no additive noise)	0.99	0.059	0.99	0.053	0.99	0.053

Specifications		Standard	Plenoptic $1 f$	Plenoptic $3 f$
Main lens (ML)	$f_{ML}$	35 mm	35 mm	35 mm
Main lens (ML)	$D_{ML}$	14 mm	14 mm	14 mm
Detector	Size	$7 mm \times 7 mm$	$7 mm \times 7 mm$	$7 mm \times 7 mm$
Detector	Pixel size ( $Δ p$ )	$7 μm \times 7 μm$	$7 μm \times 7 μm$	$7 μm \times 7 μm$
Distances	$z_{0}$	350 mm	350 mm	350 mm
	$z_{1}$	38.669 mm	37.585 mm	37.585 mm
	$z_{MLA}$	–	37.223 mm	37.223 mm
Ray-tracing mode		sequential	sequential	hybrid
Microlens array (MLA)	Disposition	–	orthogonal	hexagonal
	Glass/thickness	–	$n - BK 7 / 1 mm$	$n - BK 7 / 1 mm$
	Type	–	plano–convex $1 f$	plano–convex $3 f$
	Radius of curvature	–	−250 μm	−220, −250, −270 μm
	$d_{μ ls}$	–	136 μm	136 μm

Projections Used for Reconstruction	Standard		Plenoptic $1 f$		Plenoptic $3 f$
Projections Used for Reconstruction	$r$	error	$r$	error	$r$	error
1 projection	0.61	0.29	0.62	0.29	0.64	0.28
2 projections	0.95	0.12	0.95	0.12	0.95	0.11
3 projections	0.98	0.072	0.98	0.066	0.98	0.072
3 projections (no additive noise)	0.99	0.059	0.99	0.053	0.99	0.053

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Applied Optics