Efficient Tm:YAG and Tm:LuAG lasers pumped by 681&#x2009;&#x2009;nm tapered diodes

Ersen Beyatli; Bernd Sumpf; Götz Erbert; Umit Demirbas

doi:10.1364/AO.58.002973

Applied Optics
Vol. 58,
Issue 11,
pp. 2973-2980
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.002973

Efficient Tm:YAG and Tm:LuAG lasers pumped by 681 nm tapered diodes

Ersen Beyatli, Bernd Sumpf, Götz Erbert, and Umit Demirbas

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Ersen Beyatli, Bernd Sumpf, Götz Erbert, and Umit Demirbas, "Efficient Tm:YAG and Tm:LuAG lasers pumped by 681 nm tapered diodes," Appl. Opt. 58, 2973-2980 (2019)

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Abstract

In this paper, we present highly efficient continuous-wave (cw) laser operation of Tm:YAG and Tm:LuAG lasers pumped by high-brightness red tapered diodes. The single-emitter tapered diode lasers (TDLs) provide up to 1 W of pump power around 680 nm. By adjusting the operation temperature of the TDL, the pump central wavelength could be matched to the strong absorption peak of ${Tm}^{3 +}$ ions in this region ( ${}^{3}{H_{6}} \to {{}^{3}F}_{3}$ excitation). This absorption peak is around threefold stronger than the usually employed 785 nm transition ( ${}^{3}{H_{6}} \to {{}^{3}H}_{4}$ ). In the cw laser experiments, we have achieved slope efficiencies exceeding 55% at room temperature, which is far above the Stokes limited slope efficiency (34%), indicating presence of a strong two-for-one cross-relaxation process. Pumping with high-brightness tapered diode lasers further facilitated usage of smaller pump spots (enabling quite low lasing thresholds) and generation of near-diffraction limited output beam profiles from standard $z$ -type cavities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of diode pumping of Tm-doped solid-state lasers around 680 nm as well as the first usage of TDLs as pump sources in Tm-doped laser systems.

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Material	Diode Pump Wavelength [nm]	Laser Wavelength [nm]	Stokes Limit [%]	Slope Efficiency: Absorbed/ Incident [%]	Lasing Threshold (Absorbed) [W]	Photon Quantum Efficiency	Operating Temperature [°C]	Beam Quality	Reference
4%, Tm:YAG	786	2016	39.0	65/∼35	$\sim 1$	1.67	8	$\sim 2.5$	[19]
3%, $Tm : {CaF}_{2}$	792	1917	41.3	70.3/∼21	$\sim 0.25$	1.68	12	–	[20]
5%, Tm:KYW	802	1950	41.1	53/-	$\sim 0.15$	1.29	–	–	[21]
5%, Tm:KYW	1750	1950	89.7	28/-	$\sim 0.3$	–	–	–	[21]
3%, Tm:YAG	785	2020	38.9	56.1/52.6	$\sim 0.75$	1.44	−200	–	[44]
8% Tm:YAG	785	2012	39.0	64/-	$\sim 0.04$	1.64	–	–	[45]
1%, $Tm : {Lu}_{2} O_{3}$	796	2065	38.5	46/42	$\sim 10$	1.19	19	–	[12]
4%, Tm:YLF	792	1908	41.5	-/47.3	$\sim 5$	1.14	15	$\sim 1.1$	[46]
12%, $Tm : {BaY}_{2} F_{8}$	789	$\sim 2000$	39.5	61/33	0.026	1.54	$\sim 20$	–	[47]
6%, Tm:LuAG	681	2022	33.7	50.5/49.5	$\sim 0.3$	1.50	15	$\sim 1.05$	^a
6%, Tm:YAG	681	2019	33.7	55.5/53.2	$\sim 0.2$	1.65	15	$\sim 1.05$	^a

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Applied Optics