Experimental study of the turbulence effect on underwater optical wireless communications

Zahra Vali; Asghar Gholami; Zabih Ghassemlooy; Masood Omoomi; David G. Michelson

doi:10.1364/AO.57.008314

Applied Optics
Vol. 57,
Issue 28,
pp. 8314-8319
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.008314

Experimental study of the turbulence effect on underwater optical wireless communications

Zahra Vali, Asghar Gholami, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Masood Omoomi, and David G. Michelson

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Zahra Vali, Asghar Gholami, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Masood Omoomi, and David G. Michelson, "Experimental study of the turbulence effect on underwater optical wireless communications," Appl. Opt. 57, 8314-8319 (2018)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: June 15, 2018
- Revised Manuscript: August 30, 2018
- Manuscript Accepted: August 30, 2018
- Published: September 26, 2018

Abstract

Underwater optical wireless communications (UOWC) performance is affected by turbulence. However, not much research has been carried out to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of the received optical power. In this paper, we investigate the effect of turbulence on the UOWC system using a new experimental setup with a variable link span in a water pool. Different turbulence levels are created by changing the temperature and the rate of an injected water flow in the pool water to obtain the PDF. Results show that lognormal distribution closely matches the measured PDF for a range of link spans. In UOWC systems, the link span is one of the main factors influencing fluctuations of the received optical power, and it has not been thoroughly investigated. In this work, the scintillation index and turbulence-induced power loss are obtained for a range of turbulence strengths and transmission link spans. Finally, we show that there is a good agreement between the experimental and simulated results.

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Parameter		Value
Underwater channel	link span	3.5, 5, 7, 10, 12 m
	water temperature	22°C–23°C
	attenuation coefficient	$0.03 m^{- 1}$
	water depth	1.77 m
Periscopes	pipe length	1.5 m
	pipe diameter	12.5 cm
Laser diode	wavelength	520 nm
	maximum power	15 mW
Optical Rx	output voltage	0–10 V
	PD active area	$0.8 {mm}^{2}$
	wavelength range	200–1100 nm
	PD responsivity	0.44 A/W
	gain	$10^{4} V / A$
	small signal bandwidth	150 MHz
Lens	type	biconvex
Lens	diameter	50.8 mm
	focal length of Tx and Rx	100, 150 mm
ADC	sampling frequency	5 kHz

Parameter	Value
Refractive index variation range for each layer	$[1.3365 - Δ n / 2, 1.3365 + Δ n / 2]$
Link span	3.5, 5, 7, 10, 12 m
Beam width	15 mm
Rx aperture diameter	50 mm
$Δ z$	5 cm
$R_{i}$	$0.01 \times \| L n (q) \|$
$q$	random number ∈ [0,1]

Parameter		Value
Underwater channel	link span	3.5, 5, 7, 10, 12 m
	water temperature	22°C–23°C
	attenuation coefficient	$0.03 m^{- 1}$
	water depth	1.77 m
Periscopes	pipe length	1.5 m
	pipe diameter	12.5 cm
Laser diode	wavelength	520 nm
	maximum power	15 mW
Optical Rx	output voltage	0–10 V
	PD active area	$0.8 {mm}^{2}$
	wavelength range	200–1100 nm
	PD responsivity	0.44 A/W
	gain	$10^{4} V / A$
	small signal bandwidth	150 MHz
Lens	type	biconvex
Lens	diameter	50.8 mm
	focal length of Tx and Rx	100, 150 mm
ADC	sampling frequency	5 kHz

Parameter	Value
Refractive index variation range for each layer	$[1.3365 - Δ n / 2, 1.3365 + Δ n / 2]$
Link span	3.5, 5, 7, 10, 12 m
Beam width	15 mm
Rx aperture diameter	50 mm
$Δ z$	5 cm
$R_{i}$	$0.01 \times \| L n (q) \|$
$q$	random number ∈ [0,1]

Abstract

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Equations (2)

Applied Optics