Zoom lens design for 10.2-megapixel APS-C digital SLR cameras

Wen-Shing Sun; Pu-Yi Chu; Chuen-Lin Tien; Meng-Feng Chung

doi:10.1364/AO.56.000446

Applied Optics
Vol. 56,
Issue 3,
pp. 446-456
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.000446

Zoom lens design for 10.2-megapixel APS-C digital SLR cameras

Wen-Shing Sun, Pu-Yi Chu, Chuen-Lin Tien, and Meng-Feng Chung

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Wen-Shing Sun, Pu-Yi Chu, Chuen-Lin Tien, and Meng-Feng Chung, "Zoom lens design for 10.2-megapixel APS-C digital SLR cameras," Appl. Opt. 56, 446-456 (2017)

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Abstract

A zoom lens design for a 10.2-megapixel digital single-lens reflex (SLR) camera with an advanced photo system type-C (APS-C) CCD image sensor is presented. The proposed zoom lens design consists of four groups of $3 \times$ zoom lenses with a focal length range of 17–51 mm. In the optimization process, 107 kinds of Schott glass combined with 26 kinds of plastic materials, as listed in Code V, are used. The best combination of glass and plastic materials is found based on the $n_{d} - V_{d}$ diagram. The modulation transfer function (MTF) was greater than 0.509 at $42 lp / mm$ , the lateral chromatic aberration was less than 5 μm, the optical distortion was less than 1.97%, and the relative illumination was greater than 80.05%. We also performed the tolerance analysis with the $2 σ$ (97.7%) position selected and given tolerance tables and results for three zooming positions, which made the design more practical for manufacturing.

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Parameters	Specification
Model number	ICX493AQA
Frame size	APS-C
Pixel number	$3900 (H) \times 2616 (V)$
Pixel size	$6.05 (H) \times 6.05 μm (V)$
Effective area	$23.535 (H) \times 15.766 mm (V)$
Diagonal length of sensor	28.328 mm

Item	Specifications
Image height	14.164 mm
Zoom ratio	3
Zoom range	17–51 mm
Half field angle	39.8°–15.52°
F-number	F/2.8–F/4
Back focal length	$> 38.99 mm$
Chief ray angle in image space	$< 8.21 °$
System length	$< 175.5 mm$
Clear aperture of lens	$< 69.42 mm$

Glass	$n_{d}$	$V_{d}$	Glass	$n_{d}$	$V_{d}$	Glass	$n_{d}$	$V_{d}$
N-SF66	1.923	20.88	P-SF69	1.723	29.23	N-BAF52	1.609	46.6
P-SF67	1.907	21.4	N-KZFS8	1.720	34.7	N-SK2	1.607	56.65
N-LASF46A	1.904	31.32	N-LAK10	1.720	50.62	N-BAF4	1.606	43.72
N-LASF31A	1.883	40.76	N-SF1	1.717	29.62	F5	1.603	38.03
N-LASF9	1.850	32.17	SF1	1.717	29.51	N-SK14	1.603	60.6
N-SF57	1.847	23.78	N-LAK8	1.713	53.83	N-SK5	1.589	61.27
SF57	1.847	23.83	N-BASF64	1.704	39.38	P-SK58A	1.589	61.15
N-LASF41	1.835	43.13	N-SF15	1.699	30.2	P-SK57	1.587	59.6
N-LASF40	1.834	37.3	N-LAK14	1.697	55.41	P-SK57Q1	1.586	59.5
P-LASF51	1.810	40.93	P-LAK35	1.694	53.2	LF5	1.581	40.85
P-LASF50	1.809	40.46	N-LAK9	1.691	54.71	LF5HTi	1.581	40.89
N-LASF43	1.806	40.61	N-SF8	1.689	31.31	N-BALF4	1.580	53.87
P-LASF47	1.806	40.9	P-SF8	1.689	31.25	N-BAK1	1.573	57.55
N-SF6	1.805	25.36	N-LAK12	1.678	55.2	N-BAK4	1.569	55.98
SF6	1.805	25.43	N-SF5	1.673	32.25	N-SK11	1.564	60.8
N-LASF44	1.804	46.5	SF5	1.673	32.21	N-KZFS2	1.558	54.01
N-LASF45	1.801	34.97	N-BAF10	1.670	47.11	N-PSK3	1.552	63.46
N-LAF21	1.788	47.49	N-BASF2	1.664	36	LLF1HTi	1.548	45.9
N-LAF33	1.786	44.05	N-SSK5	1.658	50.88	LLF1	1.548	45.75
N-SF11	1.785	25.68	N-KZFS5	1.654	39.7	N-BALF5	1.547	53.63
SF11	1.785	25.76	N-BAF51	1.652	44.96	N-BAK2	1.540	59.71
SF56A	1.785	26.08	N-LAK7	1.652	58.52	N-PK51	1.529	76.98
N-LAF34	1.773	49.62	N-LAK22	1.651	55.89	N-KF9	1.523	51.54
N-SF14	1.762	26.53	N-SF2	1.648	33.82	N-K5	1.522	59.48
P-LAF37	1.756	45.66	SF2	1.648	33.85	N-BK7	1.517	64.17
SF4	1.755	27.58	N-LAK21	1.640	60.1	P-BK7	1.516	64.06
N-SF4	1.755	27.38	N-KZFS11	1.638	42.41	K7	1.511	60.41
N-LAK33B	1.755	52.3	N-SSK2	1.622	53.27	N-ZK7	1.508	61.19
N-LAK33A	1.754	52.27	N-SK16	1.620	60.32	K10	1.501	56.41
LAFN7	1.750	34.95	N-F2	1.620	36.43	N-BK10	1.498	66.95
N-LAF7	1.750	34.82	F2	1.620	36.37	N-PK52A	1.497	81.61
N-LAF2	1.744	44.85	N-PSK53A	1.618	63.39	N-FK5	1.487	70.41
N-LAF35	1.743	49.4	N-SSK8	1.618	49.83	FK5HTi	1.487	70.47
N-LAK34	1.729	54.5	N-KZFS4	1.613	44.49	N-FK51A	1.487	84.47
N-SF10	1.728	28.53	N-SK4	1.613	58.63	N-FK58	1.456	90.9
SF10	1.728	28.41	P-SK60	1.610	57.9

Plastic Material	Name	$n_{d}$	$V_{d}$
P-CARBO	Polycarbonate	1.585	30
PCHMAO	Polycyclohexylmethacrylate	1.505	56.1
PEIO	Polyetherimide	1.660	18.6
PMMAO	Polymethylmethacrylate	1.492	57.2
P-STYRO	Polystyrene	1.591	30.8
SANO	Styrene Acrylonitrile	1.567	34.8
LEXANH	Polycarbonate	1.585	30.3
LUSTREXH	Polystyrene	1.590	30.9
LUSTRANH	Styrene Acrylonitrile	1.567	34.8
PMMAH	Polymethylmethacrylate	1.492	57.5
POLEFINH	Polyethlene (Polyolefin)	1.525	60
T5013	TOPAS-Grade 5013	1.533	56.8
OZ1000	OPTOREZ-Grade 1000	1.499	57.4
OZ1100	OPTOREZ-Grade 1100	1.502	56.4
OZ1310	OPTOREZ-Grade 1310	1.505	53.8
OZ1330	OPTOREZ-Grade 1330	1.509	52
Z340R	ZEONEX 340R	1.509	56.3
Z-480R	ZEONEX-Grade 480R	1.525	56.5
Z-E48R	ZEONEX-Grade E48R	1.531	55.9
Z-1060R	ZEONOR-Grade 1060R	1.530	56.4
Z-1600R	ZEONOR-Grade 1600R	1.535	56
A5514	APL5514ML	1.544	56.2
EP5000	EP-5000	1.634	23.9
OKP4	OKP4	1.608	26.9
OKP4HT	OKP4HT	1.633	23.4
OKP-1	OKP-1	1.642	22.4

Surface	Radius (mm)	Thickness (mm)	Material
Object	Infinity	Infinity
1	103.3805	1.2	8466.2382 (N-SF57)
2	58.7685	8.5	6700.4711 (N-BAF10)
3	252.407	0.1
4	50.1468	7.7718	4874.7040 (N-FK5)
5	184.2926	d5
6	94.7348	0.7	4917.5745 (PMMAO)
7	47.3674	1	8830.4076 (N-LASF31A)
8	14.1318	9.1156
9	−55.8614	0.9053	8830.4076 (N-LASF31A)
10	22.5103	0.1
11	22.2397	7.1	7847.2568 (N-SF11)
12	−40.4926	2.3551
13	−18.9769	0.9	7995.4237 (N-LAF36)
14	−50	3.1923	6889.3125 (N-SF8)
15	−22.1177	0.7	5440.5617 (A5514)
16	−32.513	d16
Stop	Infinity	1
18	21.5962	1.4387	8340.3730 (N-LASF40)
19	15.648	5.0362	5481.4590 (LLF1HTi)
20	−400	0.1
21	43.1972	1.9277	8086.4046 (P-LASF50)
22	138.2148	0.1
23	70.4099	1.9535	6177.4983 (N-SSK8)
24	−378.8358	0.9	7173.2962 (N-SF1)
25	237.0664	2.5709
26	−39.1477	0.7	5054.5378 (OZ1310)
27	−57.5702	0.9	7059.3023 (N-SF64)
28	34.6448	1.9285	6222.5327 (N-SSK2)
29	78.8412	d29
30	396.5811	0.7
31	−98.4957	0.9	8051.2536 (N-SF6)
32	130.2444	0.1
33	30.4622	3.2207	4874.7041 (N-FK5)
34	216.134	0.4915
35	−2033.502	0.9	8830.4076 (N-LASF31A)
36	24.0775	7.1	5111.6041 (K7)
37	−37.563	0.1
38	72.9226	4.0389	6584.5088 (N-SSK5)
39	−65.06	1
40	Infinity	0.7	5168.6417 (N-BK7)
41	Infinity	d41
42	Infinity	0.7	5168.6417 (N-BK7)
43	Infinity	0.5
Image	Infinity	0

Parameter	Zoom 1	Zoom 2	Zoom 3
EFL (mm)	17.0	34.0	51.0
F-number	2.8	3.4	4.0
d5 (mm)	0.5589	14.5617	27.7843
d16 (mm)	22.6608	5.8403	1.0000
d29 (mm)	3.0474	2.1849	2.0000
d41 (mm)	36.3247	53.8075	61.8076

Surface	$K$	$A$	$B$	$C$	$D$
6	1	$1.56 E - 05$	$- 1.90 E - 08$	$5.51 E - 12$	$2.95 E - 14$
16	1	$- 3.49 E - 06$	$- 2.03 E - 08$	$1.23 E - 10$	$- 1.46 E - 13$
26	1	$2.14 E - 05$	$- 3.43 E - 08$	$7.66 E - 10$	$- 2.05 E - 12$
30	1	$- 3.85 E - 05$	$3.56 E - 09$	$- 5.28 E - 10$	$- 3.87 E - 13$

Tolerance	Caption
DLF	Test plate fit (power) in fringes at 546.1 nm over the clear aperture.
DLT	Change of thickness in mm.
DLN	Change of index of refraction.
DLV	Relative change in V-number.
CYD	Cylinder (at 45 deg) irregularity in fringes at 546.1 nm. over the clear aperture.
CYN	Cylinder (at 0 deg) irregularity in fringes at 546.1 nm. over the clear aperture.
TRX	Total indicator runout in X (resulting in a surface tilt) at the clear aperture in mm.
TRY	Total indicator runout in Y (resulting in a surface tilt) at the clear aperture in mm.
BTX	Tilt in X (in radians) of the group of surfaces about the pole of the first surface.
BTY	Tilt in Y (in radians) of the group of surfaces about the pole of the first surface.
DSX	Lateral displacement of the group of surfaces in the X-direction in mm.
DSY	Lateral displacement of the group of surfaces in the Y-direction in mm.
RLX	Roll of the group of surfaces on the seat of the first surface measured as a lateral displacement in X in mm.
RLY	Roll of the group of surfaces on the seat of the first surface measured as a lateral displacement in Y in mm.
DLZ	Axial displacement of the surface in mm.

Type	Minimum	Maximum	Increment
DLF (fringe)	1	3	0.5
DLT (mm)	0.001	0.02	0.001
DLN	0.0001	0.001	0.0001
DLV	0.001	0.008	0.001
CYD (fringe)	0.5	1	0.5
CYN (fringe)	0.5	1	0.5
TRX (mm)	0.002	0.1	0.0005
TRY (mm)	0.002	0.1	0.0005
BTX (mm)	0.00024	0.005	0.0001
BTY (mm)	0.00024	0.005	0.0001
DSX (mm)	0.001	0.01	0.001
DSY (mm)	0.001	0.01	0.001
RLX (mm)	0.001	0.025	0.001
RLY (mm)	0.001	0.025	0.001
DLZ (mm)	0.02	0.025	0.001

Surface	POW/IRR Tolerance (fringe)	Thickness Tolerance (mm)	Index Tolerance	V-NO TOL (%)
1	2.0/1.00	0.02	0.0001	0.1
2	3.0/1.00	0.02	0.0001	0.2
3	2.5/1.00	0.02
4	3.0/1.00	0.005	0.0001	0.4
5	2.5/1.00	0.005
6	3.0/1.00	0.004	0.0002	0.8
7	3.0/1.00	0.004	0.0001	0.1
8	1.0/0.50	0.002
9	1.0/0.50	0.001	0.0001	0.1
10	1.0/0.50	0.001
11	1.0/0.50	0.001	0.0001	0.1
12	1.0/0.50	0.002
13	1.0/0.50	0.001	0.0001	0.2
14	2.0/1.00	0.001	0.0001	0.2
15	1.5/0.75	0.001	0.0001	0.8
16	1.0/0.50	0.001
17 (stop)		0.001
18	1.0/0.50	0.003	0.0001	0.3
19	1.0/0.50	0.003	0.0001	0.1
20	1.0/0.50	0.002
21	1.0/0.50	0.005	0.0001	0.4
22	1.0/0.50	0.002
23	1.0/0.50	0.005	0.0001	0.5
24	2.0/1.00	0.005	0.0001	0.8
25	1.0/0.50	0.003
26	1.0/0.50	0.002	0.0001	0.8
27	1.0/0.50	0.002	0.0001	0.1
28	2.5/1.00	0.002	0.0001	0.8
29	1.0/0.50	0.001
30	1.0/0.50	0.005	0.0001	0.8
31	1.0/0.50	0.005	0.0001	0.3
32	1.0/0.50	0.002
33	1.0/0.50	0.003	0.0001	0.8
34	1.0/0.50	0.002
35	1.0/0.50	0.004	0.0001	0.1
36	1.0/0.50	0.002	0.0001	0.3
37	1.0/0.50	0.015
38	1.0/0.50	0.01	0.0001	0.4
39	1.0/0.50	0.02
40	3.0/1.00	0.02	0.001	0.8
41	3.0/1.00	0.02
42	3.0/1.00	0.02	0.001	0.8
43	3.0/1.00

Element No.	Element Wedge arc min	Element Tilt arc min	DEC/ROLL(R) mm
1	0.5		0.0200 (R)
1–2		1.7	0.01
2	1.1
3	0.8	0.8	0.01
4	0.2		0.0020 (R)
4–5		0.8	0.002
5	0.3
6	0.3	0.8	0.001
7	0.3	0.8	0.001
8	0.3		0.0010 (R)
8–9			0.0150 (R)
8–10		0.8	0.002
9	1.1
10	1.1
11	0.3		0.0010 (R)
11–12		0.8	0.001
12	0.3
13	0.3	0.8	0.001
14	0.3		0.0030 (R)
14–15		0.8	0.004
15	0.3
16	0.3		0.0010 (R)
16–17			0.0010 (R)
16–18		0.8	0.001
17	0.8
18	0.8
19	0.4		0.0010 (R)
19–20		0.8	0.001
20	0.3
21	0.3	0.8	0.001
22	0.3		0.0030 (R)
22–23		0.8	0.001
23	0.3
24	0.3	0.8	0.005
25
26	0.6	17.2

$EFL = 17 mm$ , Spatial $Frequency = 42 lp / mm$
Paraxial Image Height (mm)	Azimuth	Design	Design+Tolerance MTF
0	TAN	0.5593	0.3564
2.833	TAN	0.6507	0.4876
5.666	TAN	0.6826	0.5628
8.498	TAN	0.5922	0.3365
11.331	TAN	0.5997	0.4254
14.164	TAN	0.5544	0.4258
2.833	RAD	0.5681	0.3445
5.666	RAD	0.5744	0.3191
8.498	RAD	0.5539	0.2501
11.331	RAD	0.7112	0.4368
14.164	RAD	0.4745	0.2338

$EFL = 34 mm$ , Spatial $Frequency = 42 lp / mm$
Paraxial Image Height (mm)	Azimuth	Design	Design+Tolerance MTF
0	TAN	0.8098	0.7409
2.833	TAN	0.7865	0.6938
5.666	TAN	0.7279	0.5854
8.498	TAN	0.6747	0.4818
11.331	TAN	0.6477	0.4704
14.164	TAN	0.5943	0.3320
2.833	RAD	0.8069	0.7345
5.666	RAD	0.8089	0.7226
8.498	RAD	0.7851	0.6808
11.331	RAD	0.6953	0.5568
14.164	RAD	0.5489	0.3903

$EFL = 51 mm$ , Spatial $Frequency = 42 lp / mm$
Paraxial Image Height (mm)	Azimuth	Design	Design+Tolerance MTF
0	TAN	0.6884	0.4418
2.833	TAN	0.6589	0.4126
5.666	TAN	0.6172	0.3609
8.498	TAN	0.6229	0.3300
11.331	TAN	0.6461	0.3403
14.164	TAN	0.5848	0.2666
2.833	RAD	0.7000	0.4878
5.666	RAD	0.7427	0.5606
8.498	RAD	0.7842	0.6467
11.331	RAD	0.7549	0.5885
14.164	RAD	0.5250	0.2529

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Applied Optics