On the discrimination of multiple phytoplankton groups from light absorption spectra of assemblages with mixed taxonomic composition and variable light conditions

Emanuele Organelli; Caterina Nuccio; Luigi Lazzara; Julia Uitz; Annick Bricaud; Luca Massi

doi:10.1364/AO.56.003952

Applied Optics
Vol. 56,
Issue 14,
pp. 3952-3968
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.003952

On the discrimination of multiple phytoplankton groups from light absorption spectra of assemblages with mixed taxonomic composition and variable light conditions

Emanuele Organelli, Caterina Nuccio, Luigi Lazzara, Julia Uitz, Annick Bricaud, and Luca Massi

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Emanuele Organelli, Caterina Nuccio, Luigi Lazzara, Julia Uitz, Annick Bricaud, and Luca Massi, "On the discrimination of multiple phytoplankton groups from light absorption spectra of assemblages with mixed taxonomic composition and variable light conditions," Appl. Opt. 56, 3952-3968 (2017)

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Abstract

According to recommendations of the international community of phytoplankton functional type algorithm developers, a set of experiments on marine algal cultures was conducted to (1) investigate uncertainties and limits in phytoplankton group discrimination from hyperspectral light absorption properties of assemblages with mixed taxonomic composition, and (2) evaluate the extent to which modifications of the absorption spectral features due to variable light conditions affect the optical discrimination of phytoplankton. Results showed that spectral absorption signatures of multiple species can be extracted from mixed assemblages, even at low relative contributions. Errors in retrieved pigment abundances are, however, influenced by the co-occurrence of species with similar spectral features. Plasticity of absorption spectra due to changes in light conditions weakly affects interspecific differences, with errors $< 21 %$ for retrievals of pigment concentrations from mixed assemblages.

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Abbreviation	Pigment	Comment/Formula	Taxonomic Affiliation
Chl $a$	Chlorophyll $a$ (plus allomers and epimers)	Phytoplankton biomass index, except for Prochlorococcus sp.
Chl $b$	Chlorophyll $b$	PS in Tetraselmis sp.	Tetraselmis sp.
Chl $c_{1} + c_{2}$	Chlorophyll $c_{1}$ + Chlorophyll $c_{2}$	PS in P. tricornutum, A. carterae, E. huxleyi, Cryptomonas sp.
Chl $c_{3}$	Chlorophyll $c_{3}$	PS in E. huxleyi
Dv Chl $a$	Divinyl-chlorophyll $a$	Biomass index for Prochlorococcus sp.	Prochlorococcus sp.
Dv Chl $b$	Divinyl-chlorophyll $b$	PS in Prochlorococcus sp.
Allo	Alloxanthin	PP in Cryptomonas sp.	Cryptomonas sp.
$19^{'}$ -BF	$19^{'}$ -Butanoyloxyfucoxanthin	PS in E. huxleyi
Diad	Diadinoxanthin	PP in P. tricornutum, A. carterae, E. huxleyi
Diato	Diatoxanthin	PP in P. tricornutum, A. carterae, E. huxleyi
Fuco	Fucoxanthin	PS in P. tricornutum, E. huxleyi	P. tricornutum
Lute	Lutein	PP in Tetraselmis sp.
$19^{'}$ -HF	$19^{'}$ -Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin	PS in E. huxleyi	E. huxleyi
Perid	Peridinin	PS in A. carterae	A. carterae
Viola	Violaxanthin	PP in Tetraselmis sp.
Zea	Zeaxanthin	PP in Synechococcus sp., Prochlorococcus sp.	Synechococcus sp.
	Pigment Sum	Formula
TChl $a$	Total chlorophyll $a$	$Chl a + Dv Chl a$
TP	Total pigments	$Allo + 19^{'} - BF + Fuco + 19^{'} - HF + Perid + Zea + Chl b + Chl a + Dv Ch b + Dv Chl a + Chl c_{1} + c_{2} + Chl c_{3} + Diadino + Diato + Lute + Viola$

Species	E	Chl $c_{3}$ (PS)	Chl $c_{1} + c_{2}$ (PS)	Perid (PS)	$19^{'}$ -BF (PS)	Fuco (PS)	$19^{'}$ -HF (PS)	Viola (PP)	Diadino (PP)	Allo (PP)	Diato (PP)	Zea (PP)	Lute (PP)	Chl $b$ ^b (PS)	Chl $a$ ^b (PS)	TP	d
P. tricornutum	10		0.06			0.30			0.03		0				0.58	0.97	$6.24 \pm 0.54$
	100		0.05			0.25			0.06		0.002				0.27	0.64	$6.50 \pm 0.41$
	300		0.03			0.15			0.07		0.01				0.16	0.42	[ $5.26 \pm 1.13]$
A. carterae	10		2.69	6.00					1.34		0				8.19	18.22	$9.94 \pm 0.80$
	100		1.23	2.77					1.52		0.05				3.71	9.27	[ $12.5 \pm 0.70$ ]
	300		0.66	1.37					1.22		0.07				2.09	5.42	$9.48 \pm 0.65$
E. huxleyi	10	0.10	0.08		0.007	0.005	0.41		0.02		0.007				0.41	1.05	$3.44 \pm 0.15$
	100	0.04	0.05		0.007	0.01	0.22		0.03		0.01				0.26	0.62	$3.51 \pm 0.11$
	300	0.04	0.05		0.004	0.02	0.22		0.09		0.02				0.26	0.71	[ $4.67 \pm 1.20$ ]
Cryptomonas sp.	10		0.13							0.31					1.29	1.73	$8.04 \pm 0.40$
	100		0.05							0.25					0.77	1.07	$7.99 \pm 0.51$
	300		0.02							0.17					0.43	0.62	$8.06 \pm 0.37$
Tetraselmis sp.	10							0.32					0.23	3.14	4.81	8.92	$8.16 \pm 0.51$
	100							0.81					0.59	3.92	6.89	12.77	[ $9.44 \pm 0.87$ ]
	300							0.27					0.42	1.76	2.86	5.65	$8.39 \pm 0.77$
Synechococcus sp.	10											0.62			1.97	2.59	[ $1.04 \pm 0.11$ ]
	100											1.61			1.63	3.24	$1.14 \pm 0.14$
	300											1.33			1.30	2.63	$1.14 \pm 0.14$
Prochlorococcus sp.	10											0.23		0.06	0.71	1
	25											0.40		0.04	0.56	1
	100											0.52		0.02	0.46	1

Species	$λ_{1}$	$λ_{2}$	$λ_{3}$	$λ_{4}$	$λ_{5}$	$λ_{6}$
P. tricornutum	427^b	456^c	485^c	534^c (MP)	626^b	683^b
A. carterae	455^c	538^c (MP)	654^c	685^c
E. huxleyi	456^c	492^b	523^c (MP)	594^c	675^c
Cryptomonas sp.	465^c	498^c (MP)	640^c
Tetraselmis sp.	438^c	470^b	643^c (MP)	689^c
Synechococcus sp.	455^c (MP)	545^c
Prochlorococcus sp.	465^c	496^b	676^c (MP)

Equation	Species	Reference Spectrum	$n$	$B$ ( $\times 10^{2}$ )	$A$	$r^{2}$	SI range
$SI = B * % (species) + A$	P. tricornutum	ML	6	0.4	0.50	0.94^c	0.53–0.92
	A. carterae	ML	6	0.6	0.11	0.95^c	0.16–0.81
	E. huxleyi	ML	6	0.5	0.36	0.95^c	0.38–0.91
	Synechococcus sp.	ML	6	0.6	0.37	0.68^b	0.15–0.87
	Prochlorococcus sp.	HL	6	0.3	0.22	0.98^c	0.22–0.52
Equation	Marker Pigment	Reference Spectrum	$n$	$B$	$A$	$r^{2}$	SI Range
$SI = B * Log [MP] + A$	Fuco	ML	5	0.27	0.37	0.84^b	0.56–0.92
	Perid	ML	5	0.46	−0.19	0.89^b	0.25–0.81
	$19^{'}$ -HF	ML	5	0.31	0.17	0.83^b	0.49–0.91
	Zea	ML	6	0.81	−0.60	0.86^c	0.15–0.87
	DV Chl $a$	HL	5	0.61	−0.22	0.98^c	0.28–0.52

Equation	Marker Pigment	Reference Spectrum	$n$	$B$	$A$	$r^{2}$	SI range
$SI = B * Log [MP] + A$	Fuco	LL	5	0.22	0.49	0.91^b	0.64–0.92
		HL	5	0.26	0.33	0.79^b	0.53–0.90
		AS	5	0.26	0.39	0.85^b	0.58–0.93
	Perid	LL	5	0.42	−0.13	0.90^b	0.25–0.79
		HL	5	0.41	0.03	0.88^b	0.41–0.94
		AS	5	0.44	−0.07	0.89^b	0.34–0.90
	$19^{'}$ -HF	LL	5	0.32	0.16	0.81^b	0.48–0.95
		HL	5	0.22	0.28	0.94^c	0.48–0.77
		AS	5	0.30	0.21	0.86^b	0.51–0.93
	Zea	LL	6	0.31	−0.06	0.60^ns	0.23–0.59
		HL	6	0.59	−0.19	0.82^b	0.33–0.84
		AS	6	0.72	−0.41	0.86^c	0.26–0.89
	DV Chl $a$	LL	5	0.57	−0.21	0.77^ns	0.22–0.50
		ML	5	1.06	−0.72	0.90^b	0.11–0.56
		AS	5	0.68	−0.27	0.80^b	0.26–0.58

Abstract

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Applied Optics