Design, fabrication, and verification of a three-dimensional autocollimator

Yanhe Yin; Sheng Cai; Yanfeng Qiao

doi:10.1364/AO.55.009986

Applied Optics
Vol. 55,
Issue 35,
pp. 9986-9991
(2016)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.009986

Design, fabrication, and verification of a three-dimensional autocollimator

Yanhe Yin, Sheng Cai, and Yanfeng Qiao

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Yanhe Yin, Sheng Cai, and Yanfeng Qiao, "Design, fabrication, and verification of a three-dimensional autocollimator," Appl. Opt. 55, 9986-9991 (2016)

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Table of Contents Category
- Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology
Optics & Photonics Topics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: August 9, 2016
- Revised Manuscript: October 17, 2016
- Manuscript Accepted: November 1, 2016
- Published: December 5, 2016

Abstract

The autocollimator is an optical instrument for noncontact angle measurement with high resolution and a long detection range. It measures two-dimensional angles, i.e., pitch and yaw, but not roll. In this paper, we present a novelly structured autocollimator capable of measuring three-dimensional (3D) angles simultaneously. In this setup, two collimated beams of different wavelengths are projected onto a right-angle prism. One beam is reflected by the hypotenuse of the prism and received by an autocollimation unit for detecting pitch and yaw. The other is reflected by the two legs of the right-angle prism and received by a moiré fringe imaging unit for detecting roll. Furthermore, a prototype is designed and fabricated. Experiments are carried out to evaluate its basic performance. Calibration results show that this prototype has angular RMS errors of less than 5 arcsec in all 3Ds over a range of 1000 arcsec at a working distance of 2 m.

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Property	Unit	Value
Wavelength of the red LED	nm	620–638
Wavelength of the green LED	nm	520–536
Passband of the red filter	nm	$624 \pm 4$
Passband of the green filter	nm	$528 \pm 8$
Width of the crosshair	μm	100
Size of the crosshair	mm	$5 \times 5$
Grating pitch	μm	50
Grating diameter	mm	9
Pixel size of CCD	μm	$7.4 \times 7.4$
Resolution of CCD	pixel	$1400 \times 1024$

Pitch			Yaw			Roll
Standard Autocollimator	Prototype		Standard Autocollimator	Prototype		Leica TM5100A	Prototype
	Result	Error		Result	Error		Result	Error
$1^{'} 48^{''}$	$1^{'} 51^{''}$	3	$1^{'} 35^{''}$	$1^{'} 33^{''}$	−2	$1^{'} 38^{''}$	$1^{'} 42^{''}$	4
$2^{'} 47^{''}$	$2^{'} 45^{''}$	−2	$2^{'} 41^{''}$	$2^{'} 45^{''}$	4	$2^{'} 56^{''}$	$2^{'} 59^{''}$	3
$4^{'} 41^{''}$	$4^{'} 36^{''}$	−5	$4^{'} 15^{''}$	$4^{'} 12^{''}$	−3	$4^{'} 30^{''}$	$4^{'} 22^{''}$	−8
$6^{'} 13^{''}$	$6^{'} 17^{''}$	4	$6^{'} 19^{''}$	$6^{'} 23^{''}$	4	$5^{'} 57^{''}$	$5^{'} 52^{''}$	−5
$8^{'} 28^{''}$	$8^{'} 23^{''}$	−3	$7^{'} 49^{''}$	$7^{'} 52^{''}$	3	$7^{'} 37^{''}$	$7^{'} 43^{''}$	6
$10^{'} 14^{''}$	$10^{'} 18^{''}$	4	$9^{'} 34^{''}$	$9^{'} 31^{''}$	−3	$9^{'} 18^{''}$	$9^{'} 15^{''}$	−3
$11^{'} 39^{''}$	$11^{'} 42^{''}$	3	$11^{'} 11^{''}$	$11^{'} 17^{''}$	6	$10^{'} 51^{''}$	$10^{'} 56^{''}$	5
$13^{'} 13^{''}$	$13^{'} 09^{''}$	−4	$13^{'} 10^{''}$	$13^{'} 08^{''}$	−2	$12^{'} 10^{''}$	$12^{'} 14^{''}$	4
$14^{'} 53^{''}$	$14^{'} 56^{''}$	3	$14^{'} 52^{''}$	$14^{'} 54^{''}$	2	$13^{'} 49^{''}$	$13^{'} 51^{''}$	2
$16^{'} 17^{''}$	$16^{'} 22^{''}$	5	$16^{'} 39^{''}$	$16^{'} 36^{''}$	−3	$15^{'} 09^{''}$	$15^{'} 04^{''}$	−5
RMS Error: ${3.71}^{''}$			RMS Error: ${3.41}^{''}$			RMS Error: ${4.79}^{''}$

Property	Unit	Value
Wavelength of the red LED	nm	620–638
Wavelength of the green LED	nm	520–536
Passband of the red filter	nm	$624 \pm 4$
Passband of the green filter	nm	$528 \pm 8$
Width of the crosshair	μm	100
Size of the crosshair	mm	$5 \times 5$
Grating pitch	μm	50
Grating diameter	mm	9
Pixel size of CCD	μm	$7.4 \times 7.4$
Resolution of CCD	pixel	$1400 \times 1024$

Pitch			Yaw			Roll
Standard Autocollimator	Prototype		Standard Autocollimator	Prototype		Leica TM5100A	Prototype
	Result	Error		Result	Error		Result	Error
$1^{'} 48^{''}$	$1^{'} 51^{''}$	3	$1^{'} 35^{''}$	$1^{'} 33^{''}$	−2	$1^{'} 38^{''}$	$1^{'} 42^{''}$	4
$2^{'} 47^{''}$	$2^{'} 45^{''}$	−2	$2^{'} 41^{''}$	$2^{'} 45^{''}$	4	$2^{'} 56^{''}$	$2^{'} 59^{''}$	3
$4^{'} 41^{''}$	$4^{'} 36^{''}$	−5	$4^{'} 15^{''}$	$4^{'} 12^{''}$	−3	$4^{'} 30^{''}$	$4^{'} 22^{''}$	−8
$6^{'} 13^{''}$	$6^{'} 17^{''}$	4	$6^{'} 19^{''}$	$6^{'} 23^{''}$	4	$5^{'} 57^{''}$	$5^{'} 52^{''}$	−5
$8^{'} 28^{''}$	$8^{'} 23^{''}$	−3	$7^{'} 49^{''}$	$7^{'} 52^{''}$	3	$7^{'} 37^{''}$	$7^{'} 43^{''}$	6
$10^{'} 14^{''}$	$10^{'} 18^{''}$	4	$9^{'} 34^{''}$	$9^{'} 31^{''}$	−3	$9^{'} 18^{''}$	$9^{'} 15^{''}$	−3
$11^{'} 39^{''}$	$11^{'} 42^{''}$	3	$11^{'} 11^{''}$	$11^{'} 17^{''}$	6	$10^{'} 51^{''}$	$10^{'} 56^{''}$	5
$13^{'} 13^{''}$	$13^{'} 09^{''}$	−4	$13^{'} 10^{''}$	$13^{'} 08^{''}$	−2	$12^{'} 10^{''}$	$12^{'} 14^{''}$	4
$14^{'} 53^{''}$	$14^{'} 56^{''}$	3	$14^{'} 52^{''}$	$14^{'} 54^{''}$	2	$13^{'} 49^{''}$	$13^{'} 51^{''}$	2
$16^{'} 17^{''}$	$16^{'} 22^{''}$	5	$16^{'} 39^{''}$	$16^{'} 36^{''}$	−3	$15^{'} 09^{''}$	$15^{'} 04^{''}$	−5
RMS Error: ${3.71}^{''}$			RMS Error: ${3.41}^{''}$			RMS Error: ${4.79}^{''}$

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Applied Optics