Cascaded gain fibers for increasing output power and the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold of narrow linewidth fiber Raman amplifiers

J. A. Nagel; V. Temyanko; J. T. Dobler; M. E. Likhachev; M. M. Bubnov; E. M. Dianov; N. Peyghambarian

doi:10.1364/AO.55.004066

Applied Optics
Vol. 55,
Issue 15,
pp. 4066-4072
(2016)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.004066

Cascaded gain fibers for increasing output power and the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold of narrow linewidth fiber Raman amplifiers

J. A. Nagel, V. Temyanko, J. T. Dobler, M. E. Likhachev, M. M. Bubnov, E. M. Dianov, and N. Peyghambarian

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J. A. Nagel, V. Temyanko, J. T. Dobler, M. E. Likhachev, M. M. Bubnov, E. M. Dianov, and N. Peyghambarian, "Cascaded gain fibers for increasing output power and the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold of narrow linewidth fiber Raman amplifiers," Appl. Opt. 55, 4066-4072 (2016)

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Abstract

We show both experimentally and theoretically a method to increase the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold and output power of narrow linewidth fiber Raman amplifiers. This method employs two or more fibers with varying concentrations of the Raman gain material dopant such as ${GeO}_{2}$ or $P_{2} O_{5}$ in silicate-based glasses. These fibers are then cascaded to form an amplifier gain stage, disrupting the buildup of SBS that normally occurs in single continuous fibers. The numerical model shown is applicable to arbitrary amplifier systems for gain stage optimization and increased power scaling. We give experimental results for phosphosilicate fibers that agree well with simulation predictions that support the numerical model used.

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Technique	Improvement Factor (dB)	Reference
Temperature steps	2.1 (per step)	[6,12]
Stress steps	16.4 ^a	[15]
Longitudinal doping variations	2.8	[16]
Acoustically tailored fibers	4.7	[12]
	5.7	[14]
Multistage amplifier	3.0	[6,13]

	RGF 1	RGF 2
mol% $P_{2} O_{5}$	5.2	10.2
Core Diameter (μm)	5.6	5.3
NA	0.15	0.17
$ν_{B}$ (GHz)	12.66	12.35
$Δ ν_{B}$ (MHz)	40.0	48.0
$α_{1080}$ (dB/km)	2.2	2.0
$α_{1262}$ (dB/km)	1.6	1.5
$g_{R}$ ( $m^{- 1} W^{- 1}$ )	$8.00 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.26 \times 10^{- 3}$
$g_{B}$ ( $m^{- 1} W^{- 1}$ )	$2.74 \times 10^{- 1}$	$2.90 \times 10^{- 1}$

		Measured		Simulation
L1 (m)	L2 (m)	PR (W)	% SBS	PR (W)	% SBS
200	0	0.30	0.04	0.31	0.02
300	0	–	–	0.79	1.66
0	160	1.45	1.24	1.43	0.70
200	95	1.68	2.33	1.72	2.27
300	60	–	–	2.15	2.08
320	55	–	–	2.17	1.76

Technique	Improvement Factor (dB)	Reference
Temperature steps	2.1 (per step)	[6,12]
Stress steps	16.4 ^a	[15]
Longitudinal doping variations	2.8	[16]
Acoustically tailored fibers	4.7	[12]
	5.7	[14]
Multistage amplifier	3.0	[6,13]

	RGF 1	RGF 2
mol% $P_{2} O_{5}$	5.2	10.2
Core Diameter (μm)	5.6	5.3
NA	0.15	0.17
$ν_{B}$ (GHz)	12.66	12.35
$Δ ν_{B}$ (MHz)	40.0	48.0
$α_{1080}$ (dB/km)	2.2	2.0
$α_{1262}$ (dB/km)	1.6	1.5
$g_{R}$ ( $m^{- 1} W^{- 1}$ )	$8.00 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.26 \times 10^{- 3}$
$g_{B}$ ( $m^{- 1} W^{- 1}$ )	$2.74 \times 10^{- 1}$	$2.90 \times 10^{- 1}$

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Applied Optics