Two-photon, three-photon, and four-photon near-infrared quantum cutting luminescence of an Er<sup>3+</sup> activator in tellurium glass phosphor

Xiaobo Chen; Song Li; Kezhi Wang; Zhenglong Wu; Guoying Zhao; Jingfu Tao; Hui Ma; Wei Lin; Hailing Liu; Lili Hu; Ping Guo; Gregory J. Salamo

doi:10.1364/AO.55.003343

Applied Optics
Vol. 55,
Issue 12,
pp. 3343-3350
(2016)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.003343

Two-photon, three-photon, and four-photon near-infrared quantum cutting luminescence of an Er³⁺ activator in tellurium glass phosphor

Xiaobo Chen, Song Li, Kezhi Wang, Zhenglong Wu, Guoying Zhao, Jingfu Tao, Hui Ma, Wei Lin, Hailing Liu, Lili Hu, Ping Guo, and Gregory J. Salamo

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Xiaobo Chen, Song Li, Kezhi Wang, Zhenglong Wu, Guoying Zhao, Jingfu Tao, Hui Ma, Wei Lin, Hailing Liu, Lili Hu, Ping Guo, and Gregory J. Salamo, "Two-photon, three-photon, and four-photon near-infrared quantum cutting luminescence of an Er³⁺ activator in tellurium glass phosphor," Appl. Opt. 55, 3343-3350 (2016)

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Abstract

Multiphoton near-IR downconversion quantum cutting luminescence of ${Er}^{3 +}$ -ion-doped tellurium glass is studied. We find that the excitation spectra of 1532.0 nm IR light and 550.0 nm visible light are very similar in wave shape and peak wavelength. When the concentration of ${Er}^{3 +}$ ions is increased from 0.5% to 3.2%, we observe that both the IR luminescence and excitation intensity of the samples are increased by a factor of 1.80–5.49, with a concomitant decrease in both visible luminescence and excitation intensity by a factor of 0.87–1.91. Therefore, we conclude that the present phenomenon is a multiphoton near-IR quantum cutting luminescence phenomenon. We also find that the near-IR quantum cutting efficiency up-limits of the ${}^{4}{I_{9 / 2}}$ , ${}^{4}{F_{9 / 2}}$ , ${}^{4}{S_{3 / 2}}$ , and ${}^{2}{H_{11 / 2}}$ states are respectively 157%, 138%, 193%, and 192% for ${Er}^{3 +} (3.2 %)$ :tellurium glass and 175%, 154%, 233%, and 233% for ${Er}^{3 +} (5.0 %)$ :tellurium glass.

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Wavelength (nm)	Transition	3.2% Intensity	0.5% Intensity	Intensity Proportion of 0.5%/3.2%
365.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{G_{9 / 2}}$	$3.61 \times 10^{6}$	$3.50 \times 10^{6}$	0.97
378.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{G_{11 / 2}}$	$8.33 \times 10^{6}$	$1.59 \times 10^{7}$	1.91
406.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{2}{H_{9 / 2}}$	$2.09 \times 10^{6}$	$1.83 \times 10^{6}$	0.87
450.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to ({{}^{4}F}_{3 / 2}, {{}^{4}F}_{5 / 2})$	$1.82 \times 10^{6}$	$1.79 \times 10^{6}$	0.98
488.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{F_{7 / 2}}$	$4.29 \times 10^{6}$	$5.11 \times 10^{6}$	1.19

Wavelength (nm)	Transition	3.2% Intensity	0.5% Intensity	Intensity Proportion of 3.2%/0.5%
365.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{G_{9 / 2}}$	$9.82 \times 10^{6}$	$2.63 \times 10^{6}$	3.73
378.0	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{G_{11 / 2}}$	$1.86 \times 10^{7}$	$1.01 \times 10^{7}$	1.85
406.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{2}{H_{9 / 2}}$	$5.27 \times 10^{6}$	$1.34 \times 10^{6}$	3.92
450.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to ({{}^{4}F}_{3 / 2}, {{}^{4}F}_{5 / 2})$	$4.86 \times 10^{6}$	$1.29 \times 10^{6}$	3.76
488.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{F_{7 / 2}}$	$1.03 \times 10^{7}$	$3.34 \times 10^{6}$	3.08
520.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{2}{H_{11 / 2}}$	$1.76 \times 10^{7}$	$9.78 \times 10^{6}$	1.80
543.0	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{S_{3 / 2}}$	$4.79 \times 10^{6}$	$1.28 \times 10^{6}$	3.76
652.0	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{F_{9 / 2}}$	$8.51 \times 10^{6}$	$3.78 \times 10^{6}$	2.26
800.0	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{I_{9 / 2}}$	$3.11 \times 10^{6}$	$1.60 \times 10^{6}$	1.95

Wavelength (nm)	Transition	3.2% Intensity	0.5% Intensity	Intensity Proportion of 0.5%/3.2%
365.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{G_{9 / 2}}$	$3.61 \times 10^{6}$	$3.50 \times 10^{6}$	0.97
378.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{G_{11 / 2}}$	$8.33 \times 10^{6}$	$1.59 \times 10^{7}$	1.91
406.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{2}{H_{9 / 2}}$	$2.09 \times 10^{6}$	$1.83 \times 10^{6}$	0.87
450.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to ({{}^{4}F}_{3 / 2}, {{}^{4}F}_{5 / 2})$	$1.82 \times 10^{6}$	$1.79 \times 10^{6}$	0.98
488.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{F_{7 / 2}}$	$4.29 \times 10^{6}$	$5.11 \times 10^{6}$	1.19

Wavelength (nm)	Transition	3.2% Intensity	0.5% Intensity	Intensity Proportion of 3.2%/0.5%
365.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{G_{9 / 2}}$	$9.82 \times 10^{6}$	$2.63 \times 10^{6}$	3.73
378.0	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{G_{11 / 2}}$	$1.86 \times 10^{7}$	$1.01 \times 10^{7}$	1.85
406.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{2}{H_{9 / 2}}$	$5.27 \times 10^{6}$	$1.34 \times 10^{6}$	3.92
450.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to ({{}^{4}F}_{3 / 2}, {{}^{4}F}_{5 / 2})$	$4.86 \times 10^{6}$	$1.29 \times 10^{6}$	3.76
488.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{F_{7 / 2}}$	$1.03 \times 10^{7}$	$3.34 \times 10^{6}$	3.08
520.5	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{2}{H_{11 / 2}}$	$1.76 \times 10^{7}$	$9.78 \times 10^{6}$	1.80
543.0	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{S_{3 / 2}}$	$4.79 \times 10^{6}$	$1.28 \times 10^{6}$	3.76
652.0	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{F_{9 / 2}}$	$8.51 \times 10^{6}$	$3.78 \times 10^{6}$	2.26
800.0	${}^{4}{I_{15 / 2}} \to {}^{4}{I_{9 / 2}}$	$3.11 \times 10^{6}$	$1.60 \times 10^{6}$	1.95

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Applied Optics