Approach for determination of detonation performance and aluminum percentage of aluminized-based explosives by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Amir Hossein Rezaei; Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz; Masoud Kavosh Tehrani; Seyyed Mohammad Reza Darbani; Amir Hossein Farhadian; Seyyed Jabbar Mousavi; Ali Mousaviazar

doi:10.1364/AO.55.003233

Applied Optics
Vol. 55,
Issue 12,
pp. 3233-3240
(2016)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.003233

Approach for determination of detonation performance and aluminum percentage of aluminized-based explosives by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Amir Hossein Rezaei, Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz, Masoud Kavosh Tehrani, Seyyed Mohammad Reza Darbani, Amir Hossein Farhadian, Seyyed Jabbar Mousavi, and Ali Mousaviazar

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Amir Hossein Rezaei, Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz, Masoud Kavosh Tehrani, Seyyed Mohammad Reza Darbani, Amir Hossein Farhadian, Seyyed Jabbar Mousavi, and Ali Mousaviazar, "Approach for determination of detonation performance and aluminum percentage of aluminized-based explosives by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy," Appl. Opt. 55, 3233-3240 (2016)

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Abstract

Energetic materials containing aluminum powder are hazardous compounds, which have wide applications as propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. This work introduces a new method on the basis of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique in air and argon atmospheres to investigate determination of aluminum content and detonation performance of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX)-based aluminized explosives. Plasma emission of aluminized RDX explosives are recorded where atomic lines of Al, C, H, N, and O, as well as molecular bands of AlO and CN are identified. The formation mechanism of AlO and CN molecular bands is affected by the aluminum percentage and oxygen content present in the composition and plasma. Relative intensity of the Al/O is used to determine detonation velocity and pressure of the RDX/Al samples. The released energy in the laser-induced plasma of aluminized RDX composition is related to the heat of explosion and percentage of aluminum.

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Sample	%Al	%RDX	Formula
1	10	90	$C_{1.215} H_{2.43} N_{2.43} O_{1.43} {Al}_{0.371}$
2	20	80	$C_{1.081} H_{2.161} N_{2.161} O_{2.161} {Al}_{0.715}$
3	30	70	$C_{0.945} H_{1.89} N_{1.89} O_{1.89} {Al}_{1.11}$
4	40	60	$C_{0.81} H_{1.62} N_{1.62} O_{1.62} {Al}_{1.483}$
5	50	50	$C_{0.675} H_{1.35} N_{1.35} O_{1.35} {Al}_{1.853}$

Species	Peaks (nm)
C	247.82
Al	394.40, 396.15
O	777.2
H	656.2
Ar	750.38, 763.51, 794.81, 800.61, 801.47, 810.36, 811.53
CN ( $Δ ν = 0$ )	388.28,387.07, 386.16, 385.40, 385.01
AlO ( $Δ ν = + 2$ to $Δ ν = - 2$ )	450–560
Li I	670.79
Na I	588.99, 589.59
K I	766.49, 769.88
Ca I	422.67, 646.25, 649.37
Ca II	393.36, 396.84

Sample	Detonation Velocity (km/s)	Detonation Pressure (kbar)	Heat of Detonation (kJ/kg)	Temperature of Detonation (K)	Al/O Ratio
1	8.02	245	6069	3600	0.15
2	7.77	230	7904	4972	0.33
3	7.51	217	9611	5447	0.59
4	7.23	203	8204	4017	0.92
5	6.95	189	6673	2316	1.37

Sample	%Al	%RDX	Formula
1	10	90	$C_{1.215} H_{2.43} N_{2.43} O_{1.43} {Al}_{0.371}$
2	20	80	$C_{1.081} H_{2.161} N_{2.161} O_{2.161} {Al}_{0.715}$
3	30	70	$C_{0.945} H_{1.89} N_{1.89} O_{1.89} {Al}_{1.11}$
4	40	60	$C_{0.81} H_{1.62} N_{1.62} O_{1.62} {Al}_{1.483}$
5	50	50	$C_{0.675} H_{1.35} N_{1.35} O_{1.35} {Al}_{1.853}$

Species	Peaks (nm)
C	247.82
Al	394.40, 396.15
O	777.2
H	656.2
Ar	750.38, 763.51, 794.81, 800.61, 801.47, 810.36, 811.53
CN ( $Δ ν = 0$ )	388.28,387.07, 386.16, 385.40, 385.01
AlO ( $Δ ν = + 2$ to $Δ ν = - 2$ )	450–560
Li I	670.79
Na I	588.99, 589.59
K I	766.49, 769.88
Ca I	422.67, 646.25, 649.37
Ca II	393.36, 396.84

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Applied Optics