Laboratory characterization and performance of the high-order adaptive optics system for the Large Binocular Telescope

Simone Esposito; Armando Riccardi; Fernando Quirós-Pacheco; Enrico Pinna; Alfio Puglisi; Marco Xompero; Runa Briguglio; Lorenzo Busoni; Luca Fini; Paolo Stefanini; Guido Brusa; Andrea Tozzi; Piero Ranfagni; Francesca Pieralli; Juan C. Guerra; Carmelo Arcidiacono; Piero Salinari

doi:10.1364/AO.49.00G174

Applied Optics
Vol. 49,
Issue 31,
pp. G174-G189
(2010)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.49.00G174

Laboratory characterization and performance of the high-order adaptive optics system for the Large Binocular Telescope

Simone Esposito, Armando Riccardi, Fernando Quirós-Pacheco, Enrico Pinna, Alfio Puglisi, Marco Xompero, Runa Briguglio, Lorenzo Busoni, Luca Fini, Paolo Stefanini, Guido Brusa, Andrea Tozzi, Piero Ranfagni, Francesca Pieralli, Juan C. Guerra, Carmelo Arcidiacono, and Piero Salinari

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Simone Esposito, Armando Riccardi, Fernando Quirós-Pacheco, Enrico Pinna, Alfio Puglisi, Marco Xompero, Runa Briguglio, Lorenzo Busoni, Luca Fini, Paolo Stefanini, Guido Brusa, Andrea Tozzi, Piero Ranfagni, Francesca Pieralli, Juan C. Guerra, Carmelo Arcidiacono, and Piero Salinari, "Laboratory characterization and performance of the high-order adaptive optics system for the Large Binocular Telescope," Appl. Opt. 49, G174-G189 (2010)

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Abstract

We present the laboratory characterization and performance evaluation of the First Light Adaptive Optics (FLAO), the natural guide star adaptive optics system for the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). The system uses an adaptive secondary mirror with 672 actuators and a pyramid wavefront sensor with adjustable sampling of the telescope pupil from $30 \times 30$ down to $7 \times 7$ subapertures. The system was fully assembled in the Arcetri Observatory laboratories and passed its acceptance test in December 2009. The performance measured at different star magnitudes during the acceptance test is shown to lie between the baseline and the goal specifications. In particular, FLAO obtained a 77% Strehl ratio (SR) in the bright end (8.5 magnitude star in the R band) using an H-band filter and correcting 495 modes with $30 \times 30$ subaperture sampling. In the faint end (16.4 magnitude), a 5% SR correcting 36 modes with $7 \times 7$ subapertures was measured. The seeing conditions for these tests were 0.8 arcsec ( $r_{0} = 0.14 m$ at $550 nm$ ) and an average wind speed of $15 m / s$ . The results for other seeing conditions up to 1.5 arcsec are also presented. The system has been shipped to the LBT site in Arizona, and its commissioning started in March 2010.

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$M_{R}$	Bin Mode	$f_{s}$ (Hz)	$τ_{tot}$	Photons/Subap./ Frame	RON ( $σ_{e^{-}}$ ) (B/G)^c	Num. Modes (B/G)^c	Pyr. Mod^b ( $\pm λ_{s} / D$ )	Gain ( $g_{I}$ )	Baseline ${SR}_{H}$ (%)	Goal ${SR}_{H}$ (%)
8.5	1	1000	$2 T_{s}$	213	$14.0 / 11.5$	$351 / 359$	2.0	0.5	62	76
9.5	1	1000	$2 T_{s}$	85	$14.0 / 11.5$	$351 / 496$	2.0	0.5	59	73
10.5	2	800	$2 T_{s}$	166	$8.5 / 7.0$	153	3.0	0.9	50	58
11.5	2	625	$2 T_{s}$	84	$5.1 / 4.0$	153	3.0	0.9	48	56
12.5	2	625	$2 T_{s}$	34	$5.1 / 4.0$	153	3.0	0.8	42	51
13.5	2	550	$2 T_{s}$	15	$5.1 / 4.0$	120	3.0	0.9	27	35
14.5	3	200	$T_{s}$	35	$5.0 / 3.5$	66	6.0	0.9	19	26
15.5	4	200	$T_{s}$	28	$5.0 / 3.5$	36	6.0	0.8	7.1	12
16.5	4	100	$T_{s}$	22	$5.0 / 3.5$	36	6.0	0.9	2.6	5.0

$M_{R}$	Bin Mode	$f_{s}$ (Hz)	Photons/Subap./ Frame	RON ( $σ_{e^{-}}$ )	Num. Modes	Pyr. Mod^b ( $\pm λ_{s} / D$ )	Gain ( $g_{I}$ )	IRTC Int. Time (s)	Meas. ${SR}_{H}$ (%)	Scaled ${SR}_{H, sc}$ (%)
8.5	1	1000	232	9.5	496	2.0	0.4	15.0	83	77
9.6	1	1000	89	9.5	496	2.0	0.4	15.0	77	72
10.5	2	800	182	6.7	153	3.0	1.2	15.0	58	54
11.4	2	625	99	4.0	153	3.0	1.2	15.0	53	49
12.3	2	625	42	4.0	153	3.0	1.0	22.5	45	42
13.4	2	400	25	4.0	153	3.0	1.1	45.0	33	31
14.6	3	200	41	4.0	66	6.0	0.9	45.0	23	21
15.4	4	200	31	4.0	36	6.0	0.6	75.0	11	10
16.4	4	100	24	4.0	36	6.0	0.6	75.0	05	05

Bin Mode	Pupil Diameter (# Subaps.)	Subap. Size^a (d) (cm)	Num. of Valid Subaps.	Num. of Controlled Modes	AO Control Radius^b ( $λ_{IM} / 2 d$ ) (mas)
1	30	27.4	678	496	621
2	15	54.8	177	153	310
3	10	82.2	72	66	207
4	7.5	109	47	36	155

$M_{R}$	${SR}_{H}$ (%)	$e^{- σ^{2}}$ (%)
8.5	83	75
12.3	45	34
14.6	23	03
16.4	05	01

$M_{R}$	Bin Mode	$f_{s}$ (Hz)	$τ_{tot}$	Photons/Subap./ Frame	RON ( $σ_{e^{-}}$ ) (B/G)^c	Num. Modes (B/G)^c	Pyr. Mod^b ( $\pm λ_{s} / D$ )	Gain ( $g_{I}$ )	Baseline ${SR}_{H}$ (%)	Goal ${SR}_{H}$ (%)
8.5	1	1000	$2 T_{s}$	213	$14.0 / 11.5$	$351 / 359$	2.0	0.5	62	76
9.5	1	1000	$2 T_{s}$	85	$14.0 / 11.5$	$351 / 496$	2.0	0.5	59	73
10.5	2	800	$2 T_{s}$	166	$8.5 / 7.0$	153	3.0	0.9	50	58
11.5	2	625	$2 T_{s}$	84	$5.1 / 4.0$	153	3.0	0.9	48	56
12.5	2	625	$2 T_{s}$	34	$5.1 / 4.0$	153	3.0	0.8	42	51
13.5	2	550	$2 T_{s}$	15	$5.1 / 4.0$	120	3.0	0.9	27	35
14.5	3	200	$T_{s}$	35	$5.0 / 3.5$	66	6.0	0.9	19	26
15.5	4	200	$T_{s}$	28	$5.0 / 3.5$	36	6.0	0.8	7.1	12
16.5	4	100	$T_{s}$	22	$5.0 / 3.5$	36	6.0	0.9	2.6	5.0

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Applied Optics