Abstract
Titanium oxide thin films were prepared by different deposition methods. The methods were E-gun evaporation with ion-assisted deposition (IAD), radio-frequency (RF) ion-beam sputtering, and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. Residual stress was released after annealing the films deposited by RF ion-beam or DC magnetron sputtering but not evaporation, and the extinction coefficient varied significantly. The surface roughness of the evaporated films exceeded that of both sputtered films. At the annealing temperature of , anatase crystallization occurred in evaporated film but not in the RF ion-beam or DC magnetron-sputtered films. films deposited by sputtering were generally more stable during annealing than those deposited by evaporation.
© 2008 Optical Society of America
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