Time-delay compensated monochromator in the off-plane mount for extreme-ultraviolet ultrashort pulses

Luca Poletto; Paolo Villoresi

doi:10.1364/AO.45.008577

Applied Optics
Vol. 45,
Issue 34,
pp. 8577-8585
(2006)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.45.008577

Time-delay compensated monochromator in the off-plane mount for extreme-ultraviolet ultrashort pulses

Luca Poletto and Paolo Villoresi

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Luca Poletto and Paolo Villoresi, "Time-delay compensated monochromator in the off-plane mount for extreme-ultraviolet ultrashort pulses," Appl. Opt. 45, 8577-8585 (2006)

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Abstract

The design of ultrafast monochromators using grazing-incidence gratings in the off-plane mount for the spectral selection of extreme-ultraviolet femtosecond pulses in a broad spectral region is presented. Their application in the selection of high-order laser harmonics is analyzed in detail. The main advantage of the off-plane mount is a much higher efficiency than that of the classical mount. It is shown that two-grating configurations preserve the length of the optical paths of different diffracted rays, maintaining the extremely short time duration of the pulse. Configurations with plane or toroidal gratings are discussed. As a test case, the design of a monochromator for the $17 - 61 nm$ region with a time compensation better than 1 fs is presented.

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Equations (18)

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Mirrors	Toroidal
Input∕output arms	250 mm
Incidence angle	87°
Tangential radius	9550 mm
Sagittal radius	26.2 mm
Size	50 mm × 5 mm
Gratings	Plane
Groove density	300 grooves∕mm
Altitude angle	5°
Size	30 mm × 5 mm
Wavelength region	17–61 nm (H45–H13)
Total monochromator length	1.3 m
Gratings	Toroidal
Groove density	300 grooves∕mm
Tangential radius	2840 mm
Sagittal radius	21.7 mm
Size	30 mm × 5 mm
Altitude angle	5°
Input∕output arms	250 mm
Wavelength region	17–61 nm (H45-H13)
Total monochromator length	1 m

Harmonic	Azimuth $α = β (\deg)$	$Δ S_{H n} (μm)$	$Δ_{SLIT}$	${AB}_{OUT}$ (μm)	$Δ_{OUT}$	${AB}_{OUT}$ (μm)	$Δ_{OUT}$
Harmonic	Azimuth $α = β (\deg)$	$Δ S_{H n} (μm)$	$Δ_{SLIT}$	Plane Gratings		Toroidal Gratings
H15 53.3 nm	5.3	530	40 μm (135 fs)	8 × 6	0.3 μm (1.0 fs)	12 × 18	0.3 μm (1.0 fs)
H19 42.1 nm	4.2	330	31 μm (100 fs)	8 × 6	0.2 μm (0.7 fs)	4 × 10	0.3 μm (1.0 fs)
H27 29.6 nm	2.9	160	22 μm (75 fs)	8 × 6	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	6 × 5	0.2 μm (0.7 fs)
H35 22.9 nm	2.3	100	17 μm (55 fs)	8 × 6	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	8 × 5	0.2 μm (0.7 fs)
H45 17.8 nm	1.8	60	13 μm (45 fs)	8 × 6	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	8 × 5	0.2 μm (0.7 fs)

Harmonic Order	FWHM Spectral Width(nm)		$Δ_{OUT, {Δλ}_{1 / 2}}$ Plane Gratings		$Δ_{OUT, {Δλ}_{1 / 2}}$ Toroidal Gratings
Harmonic Order	25 fs	5 fs	25 fs	5 fs	25 fs	5 fs
H19 (42.1 nm)	0.10	0.50	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	0.4 μm (1.3 fs)	0.2 μm (0.7 fs)	0.8 μm (2.6 fs)
H27 (29.6 nm)	0.05	0.25	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	0.2 μm (0.7 fs)
H45 (17.8 nm)	0.02	0.10	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)

Mirrors	Toroidal
Input∕output arms	250 mm
Incidence angle	87°
Tangential radius	9550 mm
Sagittal radius	26.2 mm
Size	50 mm × 5 mm
Gratings	Plane
Groove density	300 grooves∕mm
Altitude angle	5°
Size	30 mm × 5 mm
Wavelength region	17–61 nm (H45–H13)
Total monochromator length	1.3 m
Gratings	Toroidal
Groove density	300 grooves∕mm
Tangential radius	2840 mm
Sagittal radius	21.7 mm
Size	30 mm × 5 mm
Altitude angle	5°
Input∕output arms	250 mm
Wavelength region	17–61 nm (H45-H13)
Total monochromator length	1 m

Harmonic	Azimuth $α = β (\deg)$	$Δ S_{H n} (μm)$	$Δ_{SLIT}$	${AB}_{OUT}$ (μm)	$Δ_{OUT}$	${AB}_{OUT}$ (μm)	$Δ_{OUT}$
Harmonic	Azimuth $α = β (\deg)$	$Δ S_{H n} (μm)$	$Δ_{SLIT}$	Plane Gratings		Toroidal Gratings
H15 53.3 nm	5.3	530	40 μm (135 fs)	8 × 6	0.3 μm (1.0 fs)	12 × 18	0.3 μm (1.0 fs)
H19 42.1 nm	4.2	330	31 μm (100 fs)	8 × 6	0.2 μm (0.7 fs)	4 × 10	0.3 μm (1.0 fs)
H27 29.6 nm	2.9	160	22 μm (75 fs)	8 × 6	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	6 × 5	0.2 μm (0.7 fs)
H35 22.9 nm	2.3	100	17 μm (55 fs)	8 × 6	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	8 × 5	0.2 μm (0.7 fs)
H45 17.8 nm	1.8	60	13 μm (45 fs)	8 × 6	0.1 μm (0.3 fs)	8 × 5	0.2 μm (0.7 fs)

Abstract

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Equations (18)

Applied Optics