Double-layer networks with holographic optical switches

Jiun-Shiou Deng; Ming-Feng Lu; Yang-Tung Huang

doi:10.1364/AO.43.001342

Applied Optics
Vol. 43,
Issue 6,
pp. 1342-1348
(2004)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.43.001342

Double-layer networks with holographic optical switches

Jiun-Shiou Deng, Ming-Feng Lu, and Yang-Tung Huang

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Jiun-Shiou Deng, Ming-Feng Lu, and Yang-Tung Huang, "Double-layer networks with holographic optical switches," Appl. Opt. 43, 1342-1348 (2004)

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Abstract

The double-layer networks have the advantages of being strictly nonblocking and having a simpler routing algorithm, the lowest system insertion loss, a zero differential loss, fewer drivers, fewer interconnection lines, fewer crossovers, and the best signal-to-noise-ratio characteristic compared with any nondilated network. Using holographic optical switches to construct these networks not only eliminates all interconnection lines and crossovers but also reduces the number of drivers.

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Output Channel of First Stage to Input Channel of Second Stage		Output Channel of Second Stage to Input Channel of Third Stage
Output Channel of First Stage	Input Channel of Second Stage	Output Channel of Second Stage	Input Channel of Third Stage
1	1 + 4 × 0 = 1	1	1 + 2 × 0 = 1
2	1 + 4 × 1 = 5	2	1 + 2 × 1 = 3
3	2 + 4 × 0 = 2	3	2 + 2 × 0 = 2
4	2 + 4 × 1 = 6	4	2 + 2 × 1 = 4
5	3 + 4 × 0 = 3	5	5 + 2 × 0 = 5
6	3 + 4 × 1 = 7	6	5 + 2 × 1 = 7
7	4 + 4 × 0 = 4	7	6 + 2 × 0 = 6
8	4 + 4 × 1 = 8	8	6 + 2 × 1 = 8

Output Channel of First Stage to Input Channel of Second Stage		Output Channel of Second Stage to Input Channel of Third Stage		Output Channel of Third Stage to Input Channel of Fourth Stage		Output Channel of Fourth Stage to Input Channel of Fifth Stage
Output Channel of First Stage	Input Channel of Second Stage	Output Channel of Second Stage	Input Channel of Third Stage	Output Channel of Third Stage	Input Channel of Fourth Stage	Output Channel of Fourth Stage	Input Channel of Fifth Stage
1	1 + 15 × 0 = 1	1	1 + 4 × 0 = 1	1	1 + 2 × 0 = 1	1	1 - 0 × 0 = 1
2	2 + 15 × 1 = 17	2	1 + 4 × 1 = 5	2	1 + 2 × 1 = 3	2	3 - 0 × 0 = 3
3	3 + 15 × 0 = 3	3	2 + 4 × 0 = 2	3	2 + 2 × 0 = 2	3	5 - 0 × 0 = 5
4	4 + 15 × 1 = 19	4	2 + 4 × 1 = 6	4	2 + 2 × 1 = 4	4	7 - 0 × 0 = 7
5	5 + 15 × 0 = 5	5	3 + 4 × 0 = 3	5	5 + 2 × 0 = 5	5	9 - 7 × 1 = 2
6	6 + 15 × 1 = 21	6	3 + 4 × 1 = 7	6	5 + 2 × 1 = 7	6	11 - 7 × 1 = 4
7	7 + 15 × 0 = 7	7	4 + 4 × 0 = 4	7	6 + 2 × 0 = 6	7	13 - 7 × 1 = 6
8	8 + 15 × 1 = 23	8	4 + 4 × 1 = 8	8	6 + 2 × 1 = 8	8	15 - 7 × 1 = 8
9	9 + 15 × 0 = 9	9	9 + 4 × 0 = 9	9	9 + 2 × 0 = 9	9	17 - 8 × 0 = 9
10	10 + 15 × 1 = 25	10	9 + 4 × 1 = 13	10	9 + 2 × 1 = 11	10	19 - 8 × 0 = 11
11	11 + 15 × 0 = 11	11	10 + 4 × 0 = 10	11	10 + 2 × 0 = 10	11	21 - 8 × 0 = 13
12	12 + 15 × 1 = 27	12	10 + 4 × 1 = 14	12	10 + 2 × 1 = 12	12	23 - 8 × 0 = 15
13	13 + 15 × 0 = 13	13	11 + 4 × 0 = 11	13	13 + 2 × 0 = 13	13	25 - 15 × 1 = 10
14	14 + 15 × 1 = 29	14	11 + 4 × 1 = 15	14	13 + 2 × 1 = 15	14	27 - 15 × 1 = 12
15	15 + 15 × 0 = 15	15	12 + 4 × 0 = 12	15	14 + 2 × 0 = 14	15	29 - 15 × 1 = 14
16	16 + 15 × 1 = 31	16	12 + 4 × 1 = 16	16	14 + 2 × 1 = 16	16	31 - 15 × 1 = 16
		17	17 + 4 × 0 = 17	17	17 + 2 × 0 = 17
		18	17 + 4 × 1 = 21	18	17 + 2 × 1 = 19
		19	18 + 4 × 0 = 18	19	18 + 2 × 0 = 18
		20	18 + 4 × 1 = 22	20	18 + 2 × 1 = 20
		21	19 + 4 × 0 = 19	21	21 + 2 × 0 = 21
		22	19 + 4 × 1 = 23	22	21 + 2 × 1 = 23
		23	20 + 4 × 0 = 20	23	22 + 2 × 0 = 22
		24	20 + 4 × 1 = 24	24	22 + 2 × 1 = 24
		25	25 + 4 × 0 = 25	25	25 + 2 × 0 = 25
		26	25 + 4 × 1 = 29	26	25 + 2 × 1 = 27
		27	26 + 4 × 0 = 26	27	26 + 2 × 0 = 26
		28	26 + 4 × 1 = 30	28	26 + 2 × 1 = 28
		29	27 + 4 × 0 = 27	29	29 + 2 × 0 = 29
		30	27 + 4 × 1 = 31	30	29 + 2 × 1 = 31
		31	28 + 4 × 0 = 28	31	30 + 2 × 0 = 30
		32	28 + 4 × 1 = 32	32	30 + 2 × 1 = 32

Output Channel of First Stage to Input Channel of Second Stage		Output Channel of Second Stage to Input Channel of Third Stage
Output Channel of First Stage	Input Channel of Second Stage	Output Channel of Second Stage	Input Channel of Third Stage
1	1 + 4 × 0 = 1	1	1 + 2 × 0 = 1
2	1 + 4 × 1 = 5	2	1 + 2 × 1 = 3
3	2 + 4 × 0 = 2	3	2 + 2 × 0 = 2
4	2 + 4 × 1 = 6	4	2 + 2 × 1 = 4
5	3 + 4 × 0 = 3	5	5 + 2 × 0 = 5
6	3 + 4 × 1 = 7	6	5 + 2 × 1 = 7
7	4 + 4 × 0 = 4	7	6 + 2 × 0 = 6
8	4 + 4 × 1 = 8	8	6 + 2 × 1 = 8

Output Channel of First Stage to Input Channel of Second Stage		Output Channel of Second Stage to Input Channel of Third Stage		Output Channel of Third Stage to Input Channel of Fourth Stage		Output Channel of Fourth Stage to Input Channel of Fifth Stage
Output Channel of First Stage	Input Channel of Second Stage	Output Channel of Second Stage	Input Channel of Third Stage	Output Channel of Third Stage	Input Channel of Fourth Stage	Output Channel of Fourth Stage	Input Channel of Fifth Stage
1	1 + 15 × 0 = 1	1	1 + 4 × 0 = 1	1	1 + 2 × 0 = 1	1	1 - 0 × 0 = 1
2	2 + 15 × 1 = 17	2	1 + 4 × 1 = 5	2	1 + 2 × 1 = 3	2	3 - 0 × 0 = 3
3	3 + 15 × 0 = 3	3	2 + 4 × 0 = 2	3	2 + 2 × 0 = 2	3	5 - 0 × 0 = 5
4	4 + 15 × 1 = 19	4	2 + 4 × 1 = 6	4	2 + 2 × 1 = 4	4	7 - 0 × 0 = 7
5	5 + 15 × 0 = 5	5	3 + 4 × 0 = 3	5	5 + 2 × 0 = 5	5	9 - 7 × 1 = 2
6	6 + 15 × 1 = 21	6	3 + 4 × 1 = 7	6	5 + 2 × 1 = 7	6	11 - 7 × 1 = 4
7	7 + 15 × 0 = 7	7	4 + 4 × 0 = 4	7	6 + 2 × 0 = 6	7	13 - 7 × 1 = 6
8	8 + 15 × 1 = 23	8	4 + 4 × 1 = 8	8	6 + 2 × 1 = 8	8	15 - 7 × 1 = 8
9	9 + 15 × 0 = 9	9	9 + 4 × 0 = 9	9	9 + 2 × 0 = 9	9	17 - 8 × 0 = 9
10	10 + 15 × 1 = 25	10	9 + 4 × 1 = 13	10	9 + 2 × 1 = 11	10	19 - 8 × 0 = 11
11	11 + 15 × 0 = 11	11	10 + 4 × 0 = 10	11	10 + 2 × 0 = 10	11	21 - 8 × 0 = 13
12	12 + 15 × 1 = 27	12	10 + 4 × 1 = 14	12	10 + 2 × 1 = 12	12	23 - 8 × 0 = 15
13	13 + 15 × 0 = 13	13	11 + 4 × 0 = 11	13	13 + 2 × 0 = 13	13	25 - 15 × 1 = 10
14	14 + 15 × 1 = 29	14	11 + 4 × 1 = 15	14	13 + 2 × 1 = 15	14	27 - 15 × 1 = 12
15	15 + 15 × 0 = 15	15	12 + 4 × 0 = 12	15	14 + 2 × 0 = 14	15	29 - 15 × 1 = 14
16	16 + 15 × 1 = 31	16	12 + 4 × 1 = 16	16	14 + 2 × 1 = 16	16	31 - 15 × 1 = 16
		17	17 + 4 × 0 = 17	17	17 + 2 × 0 = 17
		18	17 + 4 × 1 = 21	18	17 + 2 × 1 = 19
		19	18 + 4 × 0 = 18	19	18 + 2 × 0 = 18
		20	18 + 4 × 1 = 22	20	18 + 2 × 1 = 20
		21	19 + 4 × 0 = 19	21	21 + 2 × 0 = 21
		22	19 + 4 × 1 = 23	22	21 + 2 × 1 = 23
		23	20 + 4 × 0 = 20	23	22 + 2 × 0 = 22
		24	20 + 4 × 1 = 24	24	22 + 2 × 1 = 24
		25	25 + 4 × 0 = 25	25	25 + 2 × 0 = 25
		26	25 + 4 × 1 = 29	26	25 + 2 × 1 = 27
		27	26 + 4 × 0 = 26	27	26 + 2 × 0 = 26
		28	26 + 4 × 1 = 30	28	26 + 2 × 1 = 28
		29	27 + 4 × 0 = 27	29	29 + 2 × 0 = 29
		30	27 + 4 × 1 = 31	30	29 + 2 × 1 = 31
		31	28 + 4 × 0 = 28	31	30 + 2 × 0 = 30
		32	28 + 4 × 1 = 32	32	30 + 2 × 1 = 32

Abstract

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Figures (12)

Tables (2)

Equations (3)

Applied Optics