Abstract
The Kubelka–Munk theory, although it provides an equation that
relates the reflection of a sample under diffuse illumination to
certain of its properties, does not take boundary reflectance into
account. Boundary reflection is always present because there is
always a difference between the refractive indices of the sample and of
the surrounding medium. We describe how a half-sphere is used to
achieve diffuse illumination, and we present and exemplify equations
that correct for boundary reflection with measurements of four
composite restorative dental materials. The refractive index of the
sample is measured with a matching technique that employs a
glycerol–water mixture. Edge loss errors are estimated.
© 1999 Optical Society of America
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