Principal component analysis applied to multiwavelength lidar aerosol backscatter and extinction measurements

David P. Donovan; Allan I. Carswell

doi:10.1364/AO.36.009406

Applied Optics
Vol. 36,
Issue 36,
pp. 9406-9424
(1997)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.36.009406

Principal component analysis applied to multiwavelength lidar aerosol backscatter and extinction measurements

David P. Donovan and Allan I. Carswell

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David P. Donovan and Allan I. Carswell, "Principal component analysis applied to multiwavelength lidar aerosol backscatter and extinction measurements," Appl. Opt. 36, 9406-9424 (1997)

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Abstract

The use of powerful Raman backscatter lidars enables one to measure the stratospheric aerosol extinction profile independently of the backscatter, thereby obtaining additional information to aid in retrieving the physical characteristics of the sampled aerosol. We used principal component analysis to construct a self-consistent method for the retrieval of aerosol bulk physical and optical properties from multiwavelength elastic and/or inelastic Raman backscatter lidar signals. The procedure is applied to synthetic and actual lidar signals. We found that aerosol surface area and volume can be usefully estimated and that the use of Raman-derived extinction data leads to a notable improvement in the accuracy of the estimations.

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Case	System	Measurements
1	Nd:YAG lidar	β_{π(532 nm)}, β_{π(1064 nm)}
	DIAL	β_{π(353 nm)}
2	Nd:YAG lidar	β_{π(532 nm)}, β_{π(1064 nm)},
	Raman DIAL	β_{π(353 nm)}, α_{π(353+385 nm)}
3	Raman Nd: YAG lidar	β_{π(532 nm)}, β_{π(1064 nm)}, α_{(532+608 nm)}
	Raman DIAL	β_{π(353 nm)}, α_{(353+385 nm)}
4	SAGE II	α_{(385 nm)}, α_{(453 nm)}
		α_{(525 nm)}, α_{(1020 nm)}

Case 1	123	5	1
Case 2	86,000	45	5	1
Case 3	137,000	7800	21	5	1
Case 4	3740	188	34	1

Case 1	375	8	1
Case 2	12,000	155	4	1
Case 3	34,300	924	204	3	1
Case 4	2265	96	15	1

Case 1	β_{π,353 nm}	β_{π,532 nm}	β_{π,1064 nm}			γ_int,avg
Volume (m µm³ cm^-3)	1.40	1.46	14.59			1.2
Sa (m µm² cm^-3)	19.55	20.67	-28.52			3.4
α_{353 nm}	23.82	-2.30	14.85			0.6
α_{532 nm}	20.75	-7.02	10.45			1.0
α_{1064 nm}	1.09	14.20	5.42			0.8
Case 2	β_{π,353 nm}	β_{π,532 nm}	β_{π,1064 nm}	α_{353+385 nm}		γ_int,avg
Volume (m µm³ cm^-3)	1.07	1.67	13.96	0.014		0.84
Sa (m µm² cm^-3)	1.96	6.02	-4.59	1.31		1.7
α_{532 nm}	12.36	-3.82	4.27	0.32		1.04
α_{1064 nm}	3.89	13.70	7.54	-0.12		0.64
Case 3	β_{π,353 nm}	β_{π,532 nm}	β_{π,1064 nm}	α_{353+385 nm}	α_{532+608 nm}	γ_int,avg
Volume (m µm³ cm^-3)	-0.27	0.37	15.73	0.077	4.70	0.8
Sa (m µm² cm^-3)	-0.35	8.08	-8.42	1.50	4.79	2.3
α₁₀₆₄	0.37	15.30	5.38	-0.21	-1.14	0.8
Case 4	α_{385 nm}	α_{453 nm}	α_{525 nm}	α_{1020 nm}		γ_int,avg
Volume (m µm³ cm^-3)	0.31	-0.35	0.055	0.32		1.7
Sa (m µm² cm^-3)	2.82	-2.56	1.05	0.45		2.6

Case 1	β_{π,353 nm}	β_{π,532 nm}	β_{π,1064 nm}			γ_int,avg
Volume (m µm³ cm^-3)	0.064	7.73	5.09			0.7
Sa (m µm² cm^-3)	25.65	-0.91	-9.02			1.7
α_{353 nm}	21.92	6.64	1.31			0.8
α_{532 nm}	19.01	1.14	-1.91			1.0
α_{1064 nm}	1.46	12.55	8.08			0.7
Case 2	β_{π,353 nm}	β_{π,532 nm}	β_{π,1064 nm}	α_{353+385 nm}		γ_int,avg
Volume (m µm³ cm^-3)	3.52	1.82	0.66	0.011		0.4
Sa (m µm² cm^-3)	0.91	1.29	1.18	1.41		0.5
α_{532 nm}	8.43	4.37	1.59	0.34		0.6
α_{1064 nm}	9.50	4.92	1.79	-0.13		0.7
Case 3	β_{π,353 nm}	β_{π,532 nm}	β_{π,1064 nm}	α_{353+385 nm}	α_{532+608 nm}	γ_int,avg
Volume (m µm³ cm^-3)	0.11	0.002	0.001	0.056	0.005	0.7
Sa (m µm² cm^-3)	0.31	0.014	0.013	1.37	0.0039	0.8
α₁₀₆₄	0.70	0.016	0.006	-0.21	0.037	1.3
Case 4	α_{385 nm}	α_{453 nm}	α_{525 nm}	α_{1020 nm}		γ_int,avg
Volume (m µm³ cm^-3)	0.003	0.052	0.083	0.098		0.6
Sa (m µm² cm^-3)	0.51	0.49	0.45	0.26		1.1

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Applied Optics