Abstract
We report a systematic study of the annealing process in proton-exchanged
ZnO:LiNbO3 optical waveguides. A z
-cut multimode waveguide was subjected to annealing for different durations of
time. A two-stage change in index profiles with annealing time was observed,
which was consistent with the change in the m-line
spectrum. A power-law relationship was established to correlate the optical
parameters with annealing time. Annealed Li+
concentration in the waveguide was solved based on the thermal diffusion
equation. An analytical function was used to model the annealed-index profile
of single-mode, proton-exchanged waveguides. Good agreement between the
theoretical analysis and the experimental result was obtained.
© 1997 Optical Society of America
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