Polarization-selective diffractive optical elements with an index-matching gap material

N. Nieuborg; A. Kirk; B. Morlion; H. Thienpont; I. Veretennicoff

doi:10.1364/AO.36.004681

Polarization-selective diffractive optical elements with an index-matching gap material

N. Nieuborg, A. Kirk, B. Morlion, H. Thienpont, and I. Veretennicoff

Applied Optics
Vol. 36,
Issue 20,
pp. 4681-4685
(1997)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.36.004681

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N. Nieuborg, A. Kirk, B. Morlion, H. Thienpont, and I. Veretennicoff, "Polarization-selective diffractive optical elements with an index-matching gap material," Appl. Opt. 36, 4681-4685 (1997)

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History
- Original Manuscript: September 13, 1996
- Published: July 10, 1997

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Abstract

Highly polarization-selective diffractive optical elements for use in optical interconnection and routing systems have been fabricated by the wet etching of pairs of calcite substrates and characterized experimentally. We show that when an index-matching polymer is used to fill the gap between the two substrates, substrate alignment problems are eliminated and efficiency is greatly increased. This has resulted in first-order diffraction efficiencies of 40.5% and polarization contrast ratios of 450:1 for several off-axis binary-phase elements, allowing these components to be used for practical applications.

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ϕ		Calcite + Air		Calcite + IMP
TE	Tm	d ₁ (µm)	d ₂ (µm)	d ₁ (µm)	d ₂ (µm)
0	0	1.06	1.06	0	0
0	π	1.85	0	1.85	0
π	0	0	1.85	0	1.85
π	π	0.79	0.79	1.85	1.85

Element	Ford et al.2 LiNbO₃ + Air		Nieuborg et al.1 Calcite + Air		This Paper Calcite + IMP
Element	Minimum Feature Size (µm)	Experimental Results	Minimum Feature Size (µm)	Experimental Resutls	Minimum Feature Size (µm)	Experimenta Results
Fresnel lens	10	η = 17%	25	η = 11%	25	η = 27%
f ₁/f ₂		C = 6:1		C = 17:1		C = 200:1
Off-axis Fresnel lens			48	η = 11%	48	η = 29%
				C = 350:1		C = 1000:1
Single lens			13	η = 4%	13	η = 30%
array 6 × 6				C = 5:1		C = 450:1
Grating	10	η = 6%	68	η = 13%	50	η = 40.5%
horizontal/vertical		C = 40:1		C = 120:1		C = 450:1
Grating	10	η = 25%			30	η = 29%
on/off		C = 10:1				C = 250:1
CGH			25	η = 10%	40	η = 31%
				C = 2.4:1		C = 60:1

ϕ		Calcite + Air		Calcite + IMP
TE	Tm	d ₁ (µm)	d ₂ (µm)	d ₁ (µm)	d ₂ (µm)
0	0	1.06	1.06	0	0
0	π	1.85	0	1.85	0
π	0	0	1.85	0	1.85
π	π	0.79	0.79	1.85	1.85

Element	Ford et al.2 LiNbO₃ + Air		Nieuborg et al.1 Calcite + Air		This Paper Calcite + IMP
Element	Minimum Feature Size (µm)	Experimental Results	Minimum Feature Size (µm)	Experimental Resutls	Minimum Feature Size (µm)	Experimenta Results
Fresnel lens	10	η = 17%	25	η = 11%	25	η = 27%
f ₁/f ₂		C = 6:1		C = 17:1		C = 200:1
Off-axis Fresnel lens			48	η = 11%	48	η = 29%
				C = 350:1		C = 1000:1
Single lens			13	η = 4%	13	η = 30%
array 6 × 6				C = 5:1		C = 450:1
Grating	10	η = 6%	68	η = 13%	50	η = 40.5%
horizontal/vertical		C = 40:1		C = 120:1		C = 450:1
Grating	10	η = 25%			30	η = 29%
on/off		C = 10:1				C = 250:1
CGH			25	η = 10%	40	η = 31%
				C = 2.4:1		C = 60:1

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