Optical properties of atmospheric particles: complete parameter sets obtained through polar photometry and an improved inversion technique

Gottfried Hänel

doi:10.1364/AO.33.007187

Applied Optics
Vol. 33,
Issue 30,
pp. 7187-7199
(1994)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.33.007187

Optical properties of atmospheric particles: complete parameter sets obtained through polar photometry and an improved inversion technique

Gottfried Hänel

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Gottfried Hänel, "Optical properties of atmospheric particles: complete parameter sets obtained through polar photometry and an improved inversion technique," Appl. Opt. 33, 7187-7199 (1994)

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Abstract

Complete sets of optical parameters of dry particles sampled on a Nuclepore filter are derived through interpretation of photometric data with an improved inversion technique. The parameters are the volume-extinction and absorption coefficients, the single-scattering albedo, the asymmetry parameter of the volume scattering function, the apparent complex refractive index, and the apparent soot content. They may serve as input data for solar radiation-budget considerations. Results from preliminary measurements taken in Central Europe and Italy show an extreme variability of the optical parameters. Both large regional and temporal variabilities have been observed caused by the fluctuating midlatitude weather systems and human activities.

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Location	Date of Sample	g_Mean	σ_ep (km⁻¹)	σ_ap (km⁻¹)	ω_p	g_p	n_p	k_p	α_s
Bierbergen	19 July 1985	0.65	0.0213	0.00391	0.816	0.69	1.52	0.039	0.092
		0.69	0.0238	0.00389	0.836	0.73	1.51	0.032	0.074
		0.73	0.0264	0.00387	0.853	0.76	1.51	0.027	0.062
		0.77	0.0289	0.00386	0.867	0.78	1.51	0.023	0.052
		0.81	0.0315	0.00385	0.878	0.80	1.51	0.021	0.045
		0.85	0.0341	0.00383	0.888	0.82	1.50	0.018	0.039
		0.89	0.0367	0.00383	0.896	0.83	1.50	0.017	0.034
Munich–Grosshadern	28 October 1992	0.65	0.175	0.0496	0.716	0.68	1.53	0.054	0.13
		0.69	0.190	0.0494	0.740	0.71	1.52	0.044	0.11
		0.73	0.206	0.0492	0.761	0.74	1.52	0.036	0.086
		0.77	0.221	0.0491	0.778	0.76	1.51	0.031	0.072
		0.81	0.236	0.0490	0.793	0.78	1.51	0.027	0.061
		0.85	0.252	0.0489	0.806	0.80	1.51	0.023	0.052
		0.89	0.267	0.0488	0.817	0.81	1.51	0.021	0.046

	Samples		σ_ep(km⁻¹)			σ_ap(km⁻¹)			ω_p			g_p			n_p			k_p			α_s

Location	Time Period	Number Taken	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.
Piumazzo, Italy	Oct. 1985	48	0.368	0.921	0.115	0.0357	0.0766	0.00095	0.905	0.993	0.804	0.79	0.82	0.76	1.49	1.51	1.49	0.008	0.024	0.000	0.012	0.054	0.000
Monteombraro, Italy	Oct. 1985	9	0.124	0.245	0.0372	0.0149	0.0380	0.00186	0.872	0.957	0.683	0.78	0.81	0.72	1.51	1.59	1.49	0.031	0.13	0.006	0.072	0.32	0.005
Frankfurt, Germanya	Jan. 1987	9	0.109	0.158	0.0310	0.00744	0.0115	0.00133	0.935	0.980	0.914	0.77	0.86	0.73	1.49	1.49	1.49	0.005	0.007	0.001	0.004	0.008	0.000
Frankfurt, Germanya	March 1987	15	0.303	0.520	0.179	0.0511	0.0961	0.0203	0.833	0.919	0.750	0.78	0.79	0.76	1.50	1.52	1.49	0.019	0.040	0.006	0.041	0.096	0.007
Bierbergen, Germany	June–July 1989	6	0.0525	0.087	0.029	0.00491	0.00835	0.00239	0.903	0.932	0.867	0.79	0.80	0.78	1.50	1.51	1.50	0.016	0.023	0.010	0.031	0.052	0.016
Leipzig, Germanya	Oct. 1990–May 1992	32	0.419	1.37	0.0605	0.0918	0.388	0.00844	0.792	0.911	0.623	0.77	0.79	0.74	1.52	1.58	1.49	0.034	0.12	0.007	0.078	0.29	0.009
Leipzig, Germanya	Winter	18	0.555	1.37	0.152	0.135	0.388	0.0270	0.755	0.857	0.623	0.76	0.79	0.74	1.52	1.58	1.50	0.045	0.12	0.014	0.11	0.29	0.027
Leipzig, Germanya	Summer	14	0.244	0.879	0.0605	0.0362	0.148	0.00844	0.841	0.911	0.727	0.78	0.79	0.75	1.50	1.53	1.49	0.019	0.049	0.007	0.040	0.12	0.009
Munich, Germanyb	Dec. 1990–Nov. 1992	62	0.0806	0.221	0.0121	0.0181	0.0510	0.00227	0.766	0.903	0.586	0.76	0.79	0.72	1.53	1.61	1.49	0.045	0.16	0.008	0.11	0.39	0.011
Munich, Germanyb	Winter	25	0.0858	0.221	0.0121	0.0207	0.0491	0.00310	0.739	0.869	0.586	0.76	0.79	0.72	1.53	1.61	1.50	0.055	0.16	0.012	0.13	0.39	0.022
Munich, Germanyb	Summer	37	0.0770	0.187	0.0124	0.0163	0.0510	0.00227	0.785	0.903	0.595	0.76	0.79	0.72	1.52	1.61	1.49	0.038	0.15	0.008	0.090	0.37	0.011
Totals		181	0.238	1.37	0.0121	0.0374	0.388	0.00095	0.831	0.993	0.586	0.77	0.86	0.72	1.51	1.61	1.49	0.027	0.163	0.000	0.062	0.39	0.000

	Error (percent)

Type of Error	σ_ep	σ_ap	ω_p	g_p	n_p	k_p	α_s
Short-time fluctuation of the lamp and other experimental inaccuracies	2–4	2–4	0.5–1	1–2	0.2–0.5	2–5	2–5
Long-time change of the lamp	2–6	1–3	0.5–2	1	0.2–1	2–10	2–10
Inaccuracy of the Correction Step	9	< 0.5	2	3–5	< 0.5	10–15	10–15
Sum of errors	13–19	< 3.5–7.5	3–5	5–8	< 0.9–2	14–30	14–30

Location	Date of Sample	g_Mean	σ_ep (km⁻¹)	σ_ap (km⁻¹)	ω_p	g_p	n_p	k_p	α_s
Bierbergen	19 July 1985	0.65	0.0213	0.00391	0.816	0.69	1.52	0.039	0.092
		0.69	0.0238	0.00389	0.836	0.73	1.51	0.032	0.074
		0.73	0.0264	0.00387	0.853	0.76	1.51	0.027	0.062
		0.77	0.0289	0.00386	0.867	0.78	1.51	0.023	0.052
		0.81	0.0315	0.00385	0.878	0.80	1.51	0.021	0.045
		0.85	0.0341	0.00383	0.888	0.82	1.50	0.018	0.039
		0.89	0.0367	0.00383	0.896	0.83	1.50	0.017	0.034
Munich–Grosshadern	28 October 1992	0.65	0.175	0.0496	0.716	0.68	1.53	0.054	0.13
		0.69	0.190	0.0494	0.740	0.71	1.52	0.044	0.11
		0.73	0.206	0.0492	0.761	0.74	1.52	0.036	0.086
		0.77	0.221	0.0491	0.778	0.76	1.51	0.031	0.072
		0.81	0.236	0.0490	0.793	0.78	1.51	0.027	0.061
		0.85	0.252	0.0489	0.806	0.80	1.51	0.023	0.052
		0.89	0.267	0.0488	0.817	0.81	1.51	0.021	0.046

	Samples		σ_ep(km⁻¹)			σ_ap(km⁻¹)			ω_p			g_p			n_p			k_p			α_s

Location	Time Period	Number Taken	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.	Mean	Max.	Min.
Piumazzo, Italy	Oct. 1985	48	0.368	0.921	0.115	0.0357	0.0766	0.00095	0.905	0.993	0.804	0.79	0.82	0.76	1.49	1.51	1.49	0.008	0.024	0.000	0.012	0.054	0.000
Monteombraro, Italy	Oct. 1985	9	0.124	0.245	0.0372	0.0149	0.0380	0.00186	0.872	0.957	0.683	0.78	0.81	0.72	1.51	1.59	1.49	0.031	0.13	0.006	0.072	0.32	0.005
Frankfurt, Germanya	Jan. 1987	9	0.109	0.158	0.0310	0.00744	0.0115	0.00133	0.935	0.980	0.914	0.77	0.86	0.73	1.49	1.49	1.49	0.005	0.007	0.001	0.004	0.008	0.000
Frankfurt, Germanya	March 1987	15	0.303	0.520	0.179	0.0511	0.0961	0.0203	0.833	0.919	0.750	0.78	0.79	0.76	1.50	1.52	1.49	0.019	0.040	0.006	0.041	0.096	0.007
Bierbergen, Germany	June–July 1989	6	0.0525	0.087	0.029	0.00491	0.00835	0.00239	0.903	0.932	0.867	0.79	0.80	0.78	1.50	1.51	1.50	0.016	0.023	0.010	0.031	0.052	0.016
Leipzig, Germanya	Oct. 1990–May 1992	32	0.419	1.37	0.0605	0.0918	0.388	0.00844	0.792	0.911	0.623	0.77	0.79	0.74	1.52	1.58	1.49	0.034	0.12	0.007	0.078	0.29	0.009
Leipzig, Germanya	Winter	18	0.555	1.37	0.152	0.135	0.388	0.0270	0.755	0.857	0.623	0.76	0.79	0.74	1.52	1.58	1.50	0.045	0.12	0.014	0.11	0.29	0.027
Leipzig, Germanya	Summer	14	0.244	0.879	0.0605	0.0362	0.148	0.00844	0.841	0.911	0.727	0.78	0.79	0.75	1.50	1.53	1.49	0.019	0.049	0.007	0.040	0.12	0.009
Munich, Germanyb	Dec. 1990–Nov. 1992	62	0.0806	0.221	0.0121	0.0181	0.0510	0.00227	0.766	0.903	0.586	0.76	0.79	0.72	1.53	1.61	1.49	0.045	0.16	0.008	0.11	0.39	0.011
Munich, Germanyb	Winter	25	0.0858	0.221	0.0121	0.0207	0.0491	0.00310	0.739	0.869	0.586	0.76	0.79	0.72	1.53	1.61	1.50	0.055	0.16	0.012	0.13	0.39	0.022
Munich, Germanyb	Summer	37	0.0770	0.187	0.0124	0.0163	0.0510	0.00227	0.785	0.903	0.595	0.76	0.79	0.72	1.52	1.61	1.49	0.038	0.15	0.008	0.090	0.37	0.011
Totals		181	0.238	1.37	0.0121	0.0374	0.388	0.00095	0.831	0.993	0.586	0.77	0.86	0.72	1.51	1.61	1.49	0.027	0.163	0.000	0.062	0.39	0.000

Abstract

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Applied Optics