Doppler blood flowmetry using two wavelengths: Monte Carlo simulations and measurements

M. H. Koelink; F. F. M. de Mul; J. Greve; R. Graaff; A. C. M. Dassel; J. G. Aarnoudse

doi:10.1364/AO.33.003549

Doppler blood flowmetry using two wavelengths: Monte Carlo simulations and measurements

M. H. Koelink, F. F. M. de Mul, J. Greve, R. Graaff, A. C. M. Dassel, and J. G. Aarnoudse

Applied Optics
Vol. 33,
Issue 16,
pp. 3549-3558
(1994)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.33.003549

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M. H. Koelink, F. F. M. de Mul, J. Greve, R. Graaff, A. C. M. Dassel, and J. G. Aarnoudse, "Doppler blood flowmetry using two wavelengths: Monte Carlo simulations and measurements," Appl. Opt. 33, 3549-3558 (1994)

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History
- Original Manuscript: December 9, 1992
- Revised Manuscript: June 1, 1993
- Published: June 1, 1994

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Abstract

A new laser Doppler blood flowmeter for measuring skin perfusion is presented. The flowmeter consists of a probe that uses two different wavelengths and is able to measure at different depths. It may be used to distinguish the superficial microcirculation of the skin providing nutritional flow and the flow in deeper situated blood vessels (thermoregulatory flow). Measurements and Monte Carlo simulations of the Doppler signals for human skin are shown.

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Layer	Thickness (mm)	Refractive Index	∑ _a 633 nm (mm⁻¹)	∑ _s 633 nm (mm⁻¹)	∑ _a 800 nm (mm⁻¹)	∑ _s 800 nm (mm⁻¹)
Epidermis	0.1	1.5	0.015	25	0.01	15
Dermis-1	0.2	1.4	0.015	11.2	0.01	6.8
Dermis-2	200	1.4	0.015	11.2	0.01	6.8

Heading	633 nm	800 nm
σ _a (μm²)	0.065	0.042
σ _s (μm²)	25.4	15.0

λ (nm)	Blood Velocity in Dermis-2 Layer (mm/s)	First Weighted Moment (Hz)	Percentage of Doppler-Shifted Photons	Average Number of Doppler Scatter Events per Photon	Average Scatter Depth (mm)
633	1	163	14	0.27	0.2 ± 0.3
	4	578
800	1	359	72	2.1	1.0 ± 0.8
	4	1334

λ (nm)	Blood Velocity of Dermis-1 Layer (mm/s)	Blood Velocity of Dermis-2 Layer (mm/s)	First Weighted Moment (Hz)	Percentage of Doppler-Shifted Photons	Average Number of Doppler Scatter Events per Photon
633	0	4	668	7	0.17
800	0	4	1352	65	1.81

λ (nm)	Thickness of Dermis-1 Layer (mm)	First Weighted Moment (Hz)	Percentage of Doppler-Shifted Photons	Average Number of Doppler Scatter Events per Photon
633	0.3	668	6.5	0.16
	0.4	632	5.5	0.13
800	0.3	1369	61	1.77
	0.4	1393	59	1.73

λ (nm)	Average Scatter Depth (mm)	Velocity of Dermis-2 Layer (mm/s)	Percentage Doppler-Shifted Photons	Average Number of Doppler Scatter Events per Photon	First Weighted Moment (Hz)
633	0.2 ± 0.2	1	14	0.27	188
		4	14	0.27	552
800	1.0 ± 0.7	1	72	2.1	380
		4	72	2.1	1361

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