Radiation-induced attenuation in polarization maintaining fibers: low dose rate response, stress, and materials effects

E. Joseph Friebele; Louise A. Brambani; Michael E. Gingerich; Steven J. Hickey; James R. Onstott

doi:10.1364/AO.28.005138

Applied Optics
Vol. 28,
Issue 23,
pp. 5138-5143
(1989)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.28.005138

Radiation-induced attenuation in polarization maintaining fibers: low dose rate response, stress, and materials effects

E. Joseph Friebele, Louise A. Brambani, Michael E. Gingerich, Steven J. Hickey, and James R. Onstott

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E. Joseph Friebele, Louise A. Brambani, Michael E. Gingerich, Steven J. Hickey, and James R. Onstott, "Radiation-induced attenuation in polarization maintaining fibers: low dose rate response, stress, and materials effects," Appl. Opt. 28, 5138-5143 (1989)

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Abstract

The loss induced in polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers by low dose rate [<0.01 Gy/h, where 1 Gy = 100 rads(Si)] radiation exposure has been found to vary from <0.4 to ≈ 6 dB/km-10 Gy, depending on the wavelength of measurement and the fiber. Correlations have been established between low dose rate response and the “permanent” induced loss determined by fitting the recovery of the induced loss following high dose rate exposure to nth-order kinetics. Using this technique, both 0.85- and 1.3-μm PM fibers have been found which show virtually no permanent incremental loss and would therefore appear to be resistant to low dose rate radiation environments. The asymmetric stress inherent in PM fibers has been shown to reduce the permanent induced loss, while the recovery of the radiation-induced attenuation was found to be enhanced in fibers with Ge-F-doped silica clads.

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No.	Preform	Clad	Stress	Beat length	h para	Coating	UV lamp spectrum	A_o	A_f	n	τ
1	D1	Si	A	4.7	2.40E-04	dual	unfiltered	20.9	0.0	4.0	216
2	D1	Si	A	4.7	6.00E-04	dual	filtered	21.0	0.0	4.6	276
3	E2	Si	A	4.4	1.13E-04	dual	filtered	20.4	0.0	5.0	240
4	E1	Si	A	2.1	2.40E-04	dual	filtered	21.8	0.0	5.4	360
5	D	Si	S			single	filtered	19.0	0.7	4.5	240
6	C1	Ge-F	A	2.2	3.50E-06	dual	filtered	8.9	0.8	5.5	393
7	D2	Si	A	2.1	2.20E-06	dual	filtered	14.2	0.9	4.6	216
8	G1	Ge-F	A	1.1	6.60E-06	dual	filtered	10.0	1.6	4.9	237
9	B	Si	U			dual	filtered	17.4	1.6	10.7	31000
10	F	Ge-F	U			dual	filtered	6.4	1.9	6.0	14000
11	C2	Ge-F	A	3.1	1.90E-06	dual	filtered	6.7	1.9	3.6	131
12	C	Ge-F	S			single	unfiltered	9.2	2.8	3.5	121
13	A	Si	U			single	unfiltered	9.7	3.5	5.2	335
14	A	Si	U			dual	filtered	14.5	5.0	5.9	1812
15	B	Si	U			dual	unfiltered	14.9	6.0	5.0	1960

PM fiber	Low dose rate		High Dose Rate Recovery

	Response	10 Yr	A_o	Af	n	τ
Corning 0.85 μm	5.78	61.4	7.3	3.7	3.2	22
Corning 1.3 μm	0.47	5.8	0.7	0.4	3.3	82
Hitachi 0.85 μm	2.19	23.8	14.6	1.7	3.6	64
Hitachi 1.3 μm	0.38	4.6	1.5	0,5	3 4	68
Fujikura 0.85 μm			7.3	0.7	12.1	43200
Fujikura 1.3 μm STD			1.1	0.2	5.5	100
Fujikura 1.3 μm RH			7.2	0.0	3.7	2
Corning 15211.3 μm (Std. single-mode)	0.11	1.3	2.5	0.1	4.1	20

Population	A_f-stress	A_o-clad	A_o − n	τ − n	τ-stress
All fibers (15)	−0.83 ^a	−0.71	0.70	0.91 ^a
Dual coat (12)	−0.87 ^a	−0.74	0.69	0.92 ^a
Dual coat, filtered lamp (10)	−0.85 ^a	−0.73	0.79	0.93 ^a	−0.73
Stress levels: 0—unstressed, 1—symmestric, 2—a symmetiric
Clad levels: 0—siliica, 1—Ge-F-doped silica

No.	Preform	Clad	Stress	Beat length	h para	Coating	UV lamp spectrum	A_o	A_f	n	τ
1	D1	Si	A	4.7	2.40E-04	dual	unfiltered	20.9	0.0	4.0	216
2	D1	Si	A	4.7	6.00E-04	dual	filtered	21.0	0.0	4.6	276
3	E2	Si	A	4.4	1.13E-04	dual	filtered	20.4	0.0	5.0	240
4	E1	Si	A	2.1	2.40E-04	dual	filtered	21.8	0.0	5.4	360
5	D	Si	S			single	filtered	19.0	0.7	4.5	240
6	C1	Ge-F	A	2.2	3.50E-06	dual	filtered	8.9	0.8	5.5	393
7	D2	Si	A	2.1	2.20E-06	dual	filtered	14.2	0.9	4.6	216
8	G1	Ge-F	A	1.1	6.60E-06	dual	filtered	10.0	1.6	4.9	237
9	B	Si	U			dual	filtered	17.4	1.6	10.7	31000
10	F	Ge-F	U			dual	filtered	6.4	1.9	6.0	14000
11	C2	Ge-F	A	3.1	1.90E-06	dual	filtered	6.7	1.9	3.6	131
12	C	Ge-F	S			single	unfiltered	9.2	2.8	3.5	121
13	A	Si	U			single	unfiltered	9.7	3.5	5.2	335
14	A	Si	U			dual	filtered	14.5	5.0	5.9	1812
15	B	Si	U			dual	unfiltered	14.9	6.0	5.0	1960

PM fiber	Low dose rate		High Dose Rate Recovery

	Response	10 Yr	A_o	Af	n	τ
Corning 0.85 μm	5.78	61.4	7.3	3.7	3.2	22
Corning 1.3 μm	0.47	5.8	0.7	0.4	3.3	82
Hitachi 0.85 μm	2.19	23.8	14.6	1.7	3.6	64
Hitachi 1.3 μm	0.38	4.6	1.5	0,5	3 4	68
Fujikura 0.85 μm			7.3	0.7	12.1	43200
Fujikura 1.3 μm STD			1.1	0.2	5.5	100
Fujikura 1.3 μm RH			7.2	0.0	3.7	2
Corning 15211.3 μm (Std. single-mode)	0.11	1.3	2.5	0.1	4.1	20

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Applied Optics