Abstract

In Wolter type I grazing incidence telescopes, ghost images result whenever unreflected x rays or singly reflected x rays pass through the telescope and impinge on the focal plane. These ghost images degrade image quality and can be eliminated by appropriately positioned stops and baffles. However, conflicting demands can be placed on an aperture design by requirements for field of view, vignetting, and ghost image control. These problems are particularly severe for high energy x-ray telescopes which require very small grazing angles of incidence. We have developed and used analytical and numerical tools to perform parametric analyses of ghost image behavior and to obtain an aperture plate design capability that can be utilized to satisfy specific ghost image requirements.

© 1988 Optical Society of America

Imaging properties of Wolter I type x-ray telescopes

W. Werner
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Geometric aberration of a generalized Wolter type I telescope. 2: Analytical study

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Figure tolerance of a Wolter type I mirror for a soft-x-ray microscope

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Application of the flux flow equation to the Wolter I x-ray telescope and thin-film multilayered optics

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Wolter type I x-ray focusing mirror using multilayer coatings

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