Simultaneous N<sub>2</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub> multiplex CARS measurements in combustion environments using a single dye laser

F. Y. Yueh; E. J. Beiting

doi:10.1364/AO.27.003233

Applied Optics
Vol. 27,
Issue 15,
pp. 3233-3243
(1988)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.27.003233

Simultaneous N₂, CO, and H₂ multiplex CARS measurements in combustion environments using a single dye laser

F. Y. Yueh and E. J. Beiting

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F. Y. Yueh and E. J. Beiting, "Simultaneous N₂, CO, and H₂ multiplex CARS measurements in combustion environments using a single dye laser," Appl. Opt. 27, 3233-3243 (1988)

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Abstract

A method for accurately inferring temperatures and concentrations from simultaneous multiplex CARS spectra of N₂, CO, and H₂ is introduced. Only a single dye laser is employed in these measurements. Temperatures inferred from the nitrogen portion of spectra taken in a furnace of preanalyzed samples of these gases show agreement with temperatures measured by thermocouple to well within the estimated accuracies of the thermocouple (1%). Carbon monoxide and hydrogen concentrations may be inferred from the remainder of the spectrum with accuracies of 2 and 1/2%, respectively. Spectra taken downstream from a combustor burning diesel fuel and preheated air indicated that simultaneous measurements of temperature and CO concentration with mole fractions from below 0.01 may be made in turbulent reacting flows. The S(9) rotational line of hydrogen is employed to infer concentrations of H₂. Minimum detectable mole fractions of hydrogen are presented as functions of temperature and CO mole fraction. The effects of temporal instabilities of the dye laser and interspecies coupling during analysis on the accuracy of the inferred values are discussed.

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SYNTHETIC DATA SPECTRUM: Double Gaussian Dye Laser	FITTING PROCEDURE

Γ ₁ = 170 cm⁻¹,	Simultaneous Fit						Sequential Fit
Γ ₂ = 125 cm⁻¹	(T, f_N₂, f_CO)						(N₂ inferred values supplied to CO fit)
τ = 1700 K

f_N₂ = 0.7, f_CO = 0.1	Inferred Values			Percent Error			Inferred Values			Percent Error
Dye Laser Central Freq (cm⁻¹)	T(K)	f_N₂	f_CO	T(K)	f_N₂	f_CO	T(K)	f_N₂	f_CO	T(K)	f_N₂	f_CO

16654.0a	1599.7	1.05	0.101	−5.9	50.0	1.0	1686.5	0.718	0.1004	−0.8	2.5	0.4
16667.0b	1598.6	1.15	0.103	−6.0	60.0	3.0	1677.0	0.738	0.1016	−1.4	5.4	1.6
16680.6c	1607.7	1.26	0.106	−5.4	80.0	6.0	1668.9	0.759	0.1046	−1.8	8.4	4.6

Sample	T_tc(K)†	T_CARS(K)	${\bar{f}}_{N_{2}}$ (%)	${\bar{f}}_{CO}$ (%)	Laser Pulses/Spectrum
10.4% CO	1447(6.1)	1444.6(7.3)	94(6.0)	10.5(0.26)	106
89.6% N₂	1476(6.4)	1474.1(12.4)	88(6.2)	10.2(0.47)	36
	1011(5.7)	1029.5(11.2)	130(3.1)	10.1(0.30)	71

5.0% CO
95.0% N₂	1395(3.3)	1396.7(2.24)	97(2.9)	4.95(0.044)	71

2.0% CO	1426(4.6)	*	*	2.00(0.12)	71
98.0% N₂	977(0)	*	*	2.11(0.22)	36

Sample	T_tc (K)	${\bar{T}}_{CARS}$ (K)	${\bar{f}}_{CO}$ (%)	${\bar{f}}_{H_{2}}$ (%)	Laser Pulses/Spectrum
20.4% H₂
5.07% CO	1477(3.2)	1476.5(3.2)	5.17(0.25)	20.49(0.33)	71
74.5% N₂

10.4% H₂	1470(4.5)	1470.0(4.2)	5.11(0.28)	10.44(0.83)	71
5.07% CO	997(3.4)	997.3(8.0)	5.14(0.18)	not detectable	36
84.5% N₂	497(3.5)	501.8(5.9)	5.20(0.12)	not detectable	36

Equivalence Ratio	CARS Temperature Measurements (K)	Laser Pulses/Spectrum	CO Mole Fraction

			Equilibrium Calculation	Probe Measurements		CARS Measurement
			Equilibrium Calculation	Dry	Wet	CARS Measurement
1.00	1598.	38	0.002	0.001	0.001	0.002
1.05	1568.	41	0.014	0.016	0.014	0.011
1.11	1541.	43	0.029	0.038	0.033	0.028
1.17	1522.	44	0.044	0.053	0.047	0.047
1.25	1496.	47	0.059	0.073	0.064	0.063

SYNTHETIC DATA SPECTRUM: Double Gaussian Dye Laser	FITTING PROCEDURE

Γ ₁ = 170 cm⁻¹,	Simultaneous Fit						Sequential Fit
Γ ₂ = 125 cm⁻¹	(T, f_N₂, f_CO)						(N₂ inferred values supplied to CO fit)
τ = 1700 K

f_N₂ = 0.7, f_CO = 0.1	Inferred Values			Percent Error			Inferred Values			Percent Error
Dye Laser Central Freq (cm⁻¹)	T(K)	f_N₂	f_CO	T(K)	f_N₂	f_CO	T(K)	f_N₂	f_CO	T(K)	f_N₂	f_CO

16654.0a	1599.7	1.05	0.101	−5.9	50.0	1.0	1686.5	0.718	0.1004	−0.8	2.5	0.4
16667.0b	1598.6	1.15	0.103	−6.0	60.0	3.0	1677.0	0.738	0.1016	−1.4	5.4	1.6
16680.6c	1607.7	1.26	0.106	−5.4	80.0	6.0	1668.9	0.759	0.1046	−1.8	8.4	4.6

Abstract

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Applied Optics