Composition measurement of aerosols of submicrometer particles by phase fluctuation absorption spectroscopy

David U. Fluckiger; Horn-Bond Lin; William H. Marlow

doi:10.1364/AO.24.001668

Composition measurement of aerosols of submicrometer particles by phase fluctuation absorption spectroscopy

David U. Fluckiger, Horn-Bond Lin, and William H. Marlow

Applied Optics
Vol. 24,
Issue 11,
pp. 1668-1681
(1985)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.24.001668

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David U. Fluckiger, Horn-Bond Lin, and William H. Marlow, "Composition measurement of aerosols of submicrometer particles by phase fluctuation absorption spectroscopy," Appl. Opt. 24, 1668-1681 (1985)

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History
- Original Manuscript: December 15, 1984
- Published: June 1, 1985

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Abstract

Phase fluctuation optical heterodyne spectroscopy is employed to obtain the first nonextractive data on size-mass distribution of submicrometer ammonium sulfate aerosols. The required theory of aerosol absorption of electromagnetic energy and subsequent thermalization is presented. Based on this theory, the predicted behavior was confirmed by experiments using IR absorption of ammonium sulfate aerosols. The results show good agreement with measurements using conventional methods including condensation nuclei counter, electron micrography, and filtration. In addition, a conversion constant for the photothermal signal of ammonium sulfate aerosols is calculated to be 2.3 μV/(μg/m³). Furthermore, the signal is shown to be linear in excitation energy and modulation frequency and scalable.

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Sample length	15 cm
PZT sensitivity	0.022 ± 0.002 rad/V
SNR with 1-V P–P sinusoid	397 Hz^−1/2
Phase resolution	5.5 × 10⁻⁵ rad/Hz^1/2
Index resolution	3.7 × 10⁻¹¹ Hz^−1/2

Data set	$\bar{D}$	σ	${\bar{D}}_{m}$	Scale factor		Diffusion battery flow rate	$\frac{D m \times CNC (10^{- 3})}{PFLOH}$
Data set	$\bar{D}$	σ	${\bar{D}}_{m}$	CNC	PFLOH	Diffusion battery flow rate	$\frac{D m \times CNC (10^{- 3})}{PFLOH}$
1	0.04	2.2	0.10	920	1930	8.6	0.477
2	0.04	1.8	0.07	820	550	12.75	0.511
3	0.045	1.7	0.07	850	600	6.3	0.486
4	0.05	1.9	0.09	710	1100	7.2	0.471
5	0.05	2.2	0.13	540	2500	6.3	0.475
6	0.06	2.0	0.12	860	3100	7.2	0.479
7	0.08	2.0	0.16	290	2490	7.2	0.477
8	0.08	1.8	0.13	700	3200	9.8	0.481
9	0.085	1.95	0.16	160	1400	9.8	0.468
10	0.09	1.9	0.17	300	3100	9.8	0.476
11	0.10	1.7	0.15	490	3400	9.8	0.486
12	0.10	1.2	0.11	700	1950	7.2	0.478
13	0.10	1.8	0.17	150	1550	9.8	0.476
14	0.10	2.2	0.25	80	2900	6.3	0.431
15	0.12	1.7	0.18	160	2020	20.0	0.462
16	0.12	1.6	0.17	220	2260	9.8	0.478
17	0.12	1.7	0.18	140	1700	9.8	0.480
18	0.15	1.5	0.19	200	2900	7.9	0.473
19	0.18	1.4	0.21	175	3500	11.6	0.463
20	0.20	1.7	0.305	57	3300	12.75	0.490
21	0.23	1.4	0.27	90	3800	13.3	0.466
22	0.23	1.5	0.29	80	4100	9.8	0.476
23	0.25	1.5	0.32	50	3500	5.2	0.468
Units	μm	—	μm	$\frac{No . \times 10^{3}}{mliter}$	μV	mliter/sec	(mliter μV)⁻¹

Sample length	15 cm
PZT sensitivity	0.022 ± 0.002 rad/V
SNR with 1-V P–P sinusoid	397 Hz^−1/2
Phase resolution	5.5 × 10⁻⁵ rad/Hz^1/2
Index resolution	3.7 × 10⁻¹¹ Hz^−1/2

Data set	$\bar{D}$	σ	${\bar{D}}_{m}$	Scale factor		Diffusion battery flow rate	$\frac{D m \times CNC (10^{- 3})}{PFLOH}$
Data set	$\bar{D}$	σ	${\bar{D}}_{m}$	CNC	PFLOH	Diffusion battery flow rate	$\frac{D m \times CNC (10^{- 3})}{PFLOH}$
1	0.04	2.2	0.10	920	1930	8.6	0.477
2	0.04	1.8	0.07	820	550	12.75	0.511
3	0.045	1.7	0.07	850	600	6.3	0.486
4	0.05	1.9	0.09	710	1100	7.2	0.471
5	0.05	2.2	0.13	540	2500	6.3	0.475
6	0.06	2.0	0.12	860	3100	7.2	0.479
7	0.08	2.0	0.16	290	2490	7.2	0.477
8	0.08	1.8	0.13	700	3200	9.8	0.481
9	0.085	1.95	0.16	160	1400	9.8	0.468
10	0.09	1.9	0.17	300	3100	9.8	0.476
11	0.10	1.7	0.15	490	3400	9.8	0.486
12	0.10	1.2	0.11	700	1950	7.2	0.478
13	0.10	1.8	0.17	150	1550	9.8	0.476
14	0.10	2.2	0.25	80	2900	6.3	0.431
15	0.12	1.7	0.18	160	2020	20.0	0.462
16	0.12	1.6	0.17	220	2260	9.8	0.478
17	0.12	1.7	0.18	140	1700	9.8	0.480
18	0.15	1.5	0.19	200	2900	7.9	0.473
19	0.18	1.4	0.21	175	3500	11.6	0.463
20	0.20	1.7	0.305	57	3300	12.75	0.490
21	0.23	1.4	0.27	90	3800	13.3	0.466
22	0.23	1.5	0.29	80	4100	9.8	0.476
23	0.25	1.5	0.32	50	3500	5.2	0.468
Units	μm	—	μm	$\frac{No . \times 10^{3}}{mliter}$	μV	mliter/sec	(mliter μV)⁻¹

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