Launching light from semiconductor lasers into multimode optical fibers having hemispherical ends and taper-with-hemisphere ends

Harish R. D. Sunak; Marlete A. ZamprÔnio

doi:10.1364/AO.22.002344

Applied Optics
Vol. 22,
Issue 15,
pp. 2344-2348
(1983)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.22.002344

Launching light from semiconductor lasers into multimode optical fibers having hemispherical ends and taper-with-hemisphere ends

Harish R. D. Sunak and Marlete A. ZamprÔnio

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Harish R. D. Sunak and Marlete A. ZamprÔnio, "Launching light from semiconductor lasers into multimode optical fibers having hemispherical ends and taper-with-hemisphere ends," Appl. Opt. 22, 2344-2348 (1983)

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Abstract

The plane ends (PE) of various multimode optical fibers have been transformed into (a) hemispherical ends (HE) and (b) taper-with-hemisphere ends (TE) by using a microtorch and also a CO₂ laser for HE only. We confirmed that the launching efficiency η from semiconductor lasers into multimode fibers is much greater than TE and HE compared with PE, with TE being the most efficient. A rigorous comparison between these three launching arrangements is reported here for the first time together with detailed analysis of similar published work. The effect of various misalignments is also investigated and compared for the three fiber terminations.

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	Fiber F2			Fiber F3			Fiber F4

	η (%)		F	η (%)		F	η (%)		F

	PE	HE		PE	HE		PE	HE
L1	10	23	2.3	10	39	3.9
L2	18	36	2	18	40	2.2	48	76	1.6

Researcher and reference	N.A. of fiber	η% with PE	η% with HE	Factor of increase
Kato2	0.05	10	52	5.2
Brackett3	∼0.12	18	62	3.4
Benson et al.5	0.17	24	63	2.6
	0.15	13	19	1.5
	0.17	17	26	1.5
	0.16	10	15	1.5
Whittmann6				2
Timmermann7	0.13	∼18 ^a	80	4.4 ^a
Khoe et al.8	0.2	∼25 ^a	∼65	2.6 ^a
Hopland et al.9	0.16			2.8
d'Auria et al.10	0.18	20 ^a	65	3.2 ^a
Dakss et al.11,12	02	31	65	2.0
		29	50	1.7
Sunak and Zam pronio (this work)	0.16	10	23	2.3
	0.16	10	39	3.9
	0.35	48	76	1.6
	0.16	18	36	2.0
	0.16	18	40	2.2

	Fiber F2			Fiber F3

	η%		F	η%		F

	PE	TE		PE	TE
L1	10	36	3.6	10	50	5
L2	18	48	2.6	18	53	2.9

Researcher and reference	Laser far-field divergence angles; half-angle to 1/e points		N.A. of fiber	Core diamter of fiber(μm)	η_TE (%)	Axial displacement for 10dB extra loss (μm)	Lateral displacement for 1-dB extra loss(μm)
Researcher and reference	‖ (deg) ^b	⊥ ^c	N.A. of fiber	Core diamter of fiber(μm)	η_TE (%)	Axial displacement for 10dB extra loss (μm)	Lateral displacement for 1-dB extra loss(μm)
Kuwahara and Furuta13	2.5	28	0.21	60	72–83	30	19
	Laser L1

Sunak and Zampronio (this work)	17	36	0.16	(F2) 48	36	—	—
Sunak and Zampronio (this work)	17	36	0.16	(F3) 61	50	—	—
	Laser L2

Sunak and Zampronio (this work)	13	27	0.16	(F2) 48	48	—	—
Sunak and Zampronio (this work)	13	27	0.16	(F3) 61	53	66	13

	Fiber F2			Fiber F3			Fiber F4

	η (%)		F	η (%)		F	η (%)		F

	PE	HE		PE	HE		PE	HE
L1	10	23	2.3	10	39	3.9
L2	18	36	2	18	40	2.2	48	76	1.6

	Fiber F2(η %)			Fiber F3 (η %)

	PE	HE	TE	PE	HE	TE
L1	10	23	36	10	39	50
L2	18	36	48	18	40	53

	Fiber F2(η %)			Fiber F3 (η %)

	PE	HE	TE	PE	HE	TE
L1	10	23	36	10	39	50
L2	18	36	48	18	40	53

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Applied Optics