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Optical waveguides in LiTaO3: silver lithium ion exchange

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Abstract

Silver lithium ion exchange has been found to produce optical waveguides in x-cut LiTaO3 at temperatures well below the Curie temperature, producing waveguides that require no repoling. This process is attractive for integrated optics because LiTaO3 is less susceptible to optical damage and has much lower birefringence than the more commonly used LiNbO3 substrate. The exchange process has been studied as a function of temperature. Diffusion coefficients, activation energy, losses, and temperature dependence of the extraordinary index change are given. Index increases of Δne ∼ 0.03–0.05 at λ = 632.8 nm and losses of 0.8–1.3 dB/cm for the TE0 mode are comparable with values for Ti-diffused guides in LiNbO3, making this technique potentially useful for integrated optics applications.

© 1980 Optical Society of America

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