Infrared radiometer for the Pioneer Venus orbiter. 1: Instrument description

F. W. Taylor; F. E. Vescelus; J. R. Locke; G. T. Foster; P. B. Forney; R. Beer; J. T. Houghton; J. Delderfield; J. T. Schofield

doi:10.1364/AO.18.003893

Applied Optics
Vol. 18,
Issue 23,
pp. 3893-3900
(1979)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.18.003893

Infrared radiometer for the Pioneer Venus orbiter. 1: Instrument description

F. W. Taylor, F. E. Vescelus, J. R. Locke, G. T. Foster, P. B. Forney, R. Beer, J. T. Houghton, J. Delderfield, and J. T. Schofield

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F. W. Taylor, F. E. Vescelus, J. R. Locke, G. T. Foster, P. B. Forney, R. Beer, J. T. Houghton, J. Delderfield, and J. T. Schofield, "Infrared radiometer for the Pioneer Venus orbiter. 1: Instrument description," Appl. Opt. 18, 3893-3900 (1979)

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Abstract

An IR remote sensing instrument, similar in principle to some of those on terrestrial meteorological satellites, was flown to Venus on board the Pioneer Venus orbiter. Observations of the atmosphere were made from 5 December 1978 until 14 February 1979, during seventy-two orbits of the planet. The optical techniques employed and the design and implementation of the instrument are described.

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Channel number	Spectral resolution (cm⁻¹)	Field of view (deg)^a	Central wave number (cm⁻¹)	Principal function
1a	0.08^b	5	667.0	Exospheric temperature
1b	0.04^b	5	667.0	Mesospheric temperature
1c	0.02^b	5	667.0
2	10.6	1.25	679.4	Stratospheric temperature
3	13.6	1.25	727.2
4	14.4	1.25	764.4
5	21.5	1.25	869.5	Cloud top temperature
6	170	1.25	4926.0	Cloud morphology
7	23,000	1	3700.0	Albedo
8	100	1	222.0	Water vapor

Periapsis altitude	150 km
Apoapsis altitude	66614 km
Orbital period	24 h
Orbital inclination	105° (75° retrograde)
Periapsis latitude	18° celestial
Periapsis longitude	203° celestial
Spin period	12 sec (5 rpm)
Spin orientation	Perpendicular to ecliptic; toward celestial south
Radiometer orientation	45° to spin axis

Setting	Sieve temperature	Mean cell pressure	PMC frequency (Hz)
Low	37.0 ± 1.0	1	33.4 ± 0.1
Medium	50.7 ± 1.0	4	34.5 ± 0.1
High	67.2 ± 1.0	8	37.6 ± 0.1
Launch	~100	~20	Critically damped

Channel number (see Table I)	Wavelength (Am)	Measured SNR	Design (calculated) SNR
1a	15.00	7	12
1b	15.00	24	27
1c	15.00	55	54
2	14.68	90	78
3	13.72	91	103
4	13.09	108	119
5	11.47	120	137
6	2.03	48	89
7	0.2–4.5	∞	10,000
8	35–60	117	182

Channel number	Spectral resolution (cm⁻¹)	Field of view (deg)^a	Central wave number (cm⁻¹)	Principal function
1a	0.08^b	5	667.0	Exospheric temperature
1b	0.04^b	5	667.0	Mesospheric temperature
1c	0.02^b	5	667.0
2	10.6	1.25	679.4	Stratospheric temperature
3	13.6	1.25	727.2
4	14.4	1.25	764.4
5	21.5	1.25	869.5	Cloud top temperature
6	170	1.25	4926.0	Cloud morphology
7	23,000	1	3700.0	Albedo
8	100	1	222.0	Water vapor

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Applied Optics