Bulk and surface calorimetric measurements at CO wavelengths

S. D. Allen; J. E. Rudisill

doi:10.1364/AO.16.002914

Applied Optics
Vol. 16,
Issue 11,
pp. 2914-2918
(1977)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.16.002914

Bulk and surface calorimetric measurements at CO wavelengths

S. D. Allen and J. E. Rudisill

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S. D. Allen and J. E. Rudisill, "Bulk and surface calorimetric measurements at CO wavelengths," Appl. Opt. 16, 2914-2918 (1977)

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Abstract

Laser calorimetry was used to measure the optical absorption of several candidate window materials for application at CO laser wavelengths. These materials include KCl, CaF₂, SrF₂, and ZnSe. The long, thin bar technique was used to separate bulk and surface absorption contributions by means of their time dependencies. One sample of KCl, known to be low absorbing at 10.6 μm, exhibited no measurable absorption within the sensitivity of the calorimeter (β_t < 2 × 10⁻⁶ cm⁻¹). The absorption coefficients measured for two samples of CaF₂ at 5.41 μm were higher than those measured by other investigators at 5.25 μm, but, when fitted to an exponential dependence on wavelength, compared favorably with currently measured values. To compare results from different laboratories, precise definition of the spectral power distribution is essential. The surface absorption was, in all cases, small relative to similar measurements at 10.6 μm; in several cases it was not separable from bulk absorption by the technique used.

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		Absorption (cm⁻¹)

Sample	Length (cm)	Bulk	Surface plus bulk	Scattering^a	Surface treatment	Comments
KClB 55	16.25	2.1 × 10⁻⁵	3.0 × 10⁻⁵	1.5 × 10⁻⁶^b	Etched	Some contamination of surface when Ag mirrors applied
KClB 62-B	13.49		<2 × 10⁻⁶	None	Etched	Impossible to distinguish surface and bulk See Fig. 6 for actual curve, 1-μV scale, ambient temperature not stable
KClB 166 (1.75% RbCl)	12.90	1.6 × 10⁻⁵	2.0 × 10⁻⁵	9.0 × 10⁻⁷	Polished	Difficult to distinguish surface and bulk
KClB 156-5 (1.75% RbCl) P.F.	8.50		5.5 × 10⁻⁵	4.8 × 10⁻⁶^b	Polished	Bulk scattering (middle thermomocouple) > surface scattering (entrance thermocouple)
ZnSe 1-23 (Raytheon)	21.25		9.5 × 10⁻⁴	7.2 × 10⁻⁶	Etch-polish	Surface scattering (entrance thermocouple) ≃ 3 × bulk scattering (middle thermocouple)
CaF₂ VHP-614 (Raytheon)	6.955		9.0 × 10⁻⁴	2.3 × 10⁻⁶	As received	Some scratches on surfaces from cutting; one rough edge
CaF₂ H2888-03-a	4.991		5.9 × 10⁻⁴	8.1 × 10⁻⁶	Polished	Slight wedge and large crack on one side of boule
SrF₂H1773-44	6.357		1.7 × 10⁻³	1.7 × 10⁻⁶^b	Polished	Early boule

Wavelength (μm)	Multiphonon extrapolation6 β × 10⁴ (cm⁻¹)	Calorimetry β × 10⁴ (cm⁻¹)
5.2	1.26
5.25	1.53	5.4^a,^b	3.2
5.3	1.86
5.4	2.70
5.41	2.80	9.8	5.9^a,^c
5.5	3.8
5.6	5.5

		Absorption (cm⁻¹)

Sample	Length (cm)	Bulk	Surface plus bulk	Scattering^a	Surface treatment	Comments
KClB 55	16.25	2.1 × 10⁻⁵	3.0 × 10⁻⁵	1.5 × 10⁻⁶^b	Etched	Some contamination of surface when Ag mirrors applied
KClB 62-B	13.49		<2 × 10⁻⁶	None	Etched	Impossible to distinguish surface and bulk See Fig. 6 for actual curve, 1-μV scale, ambient temperature not stable
KClB 166 (1.75% RbCl)	12.90	1.6 × 10⁻⁵	2.0 × 10⁻⁵	9.0 × 10⁻⁷	Polished	Difficult to distinguish surface and bulk
KClB 156-5 (1.75% RbCl) P.F.	8.50		5.5 × 10⁻⁵	4.8 × 10⁻⁶^b	Polished	Bulk scattering (middle thermomocouple) > surface scattering (entrance thermocouple)
ZnSe 1-23 (Raytheon)	21.25		9.5 × 10⁻⁴	7.2 × 10⁻⁶	Etch-polish	Surface scattering (entrance thermocouple) ≃ 3 × bulk scattering (middle thermocouple)
CaF₂ VHP-614 (Raytheon)	6.955		9.0 × 10⁻⁴	2.3 × 10⁻⁶	As received	Some scratches on surfaces from cutting; one rough edge
CaF₂ H2888-03-a	4.991		5.9 × 10⁻⁴	8.1 × 10⁻⁶	Polished	Slight wedge and large crack on one side of boule
SrF₂H1773-44	6.357		1.7 × 10⁻³	1.7 × 10⁻⁶^b	Polished	Early boule

Wavelength (μm)	Multiphonon extrapolation6 β × 10⁴ (cm⁻¹)	Calorimetry β × 10⁴ (cm⁻¹)
5.2	1.26
5.25	1.53	5.4^a,^b	3.2
5.3	1.86
5.4	2.70
5.41	2.80	9.8	5.9^a,^c
5.5	3.8
5.6	5.5

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Applied Optics